Modeling and Simulation of Chemical Process Systems

Summary

In this textbook, the author teaches readers how to model and simulate a unit process operation through developing mathematical model equations, solving model equations manually, and comparing results with those simulated through software. It covers both lumped parameter systems and distributed parameter systems, as well as using MATLAB and Simulink to solve the system model equations for both. Simplified partial differential equations are solved using COMSOL, an effective tool to solve PDE, using the fine element method. This book includes end of chapter problems and worked examples, and summarizes reader goals at the beginning of each chapter.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction

Learning objectives

1.0 Background

1.1 Mathematical models

1. Why studying process modeling and simulation?

1.3 Terminology of process modeling and simulation

1.3.1 State variables and state equations

1.3.2 Steady state and transient

1.3.3 Lumped versus distributed parameters

1.3.4 Model verification

1.3.5 Model validation

1. The Steps for building a mathematical model
2. Fundamental balance equations

1.5.1 Material balance

1.5.1.1 Total and Component Balances

1.5.1.2 Material balance on individual components

1.5.2 Energy balance

1.5.3 Momentum balance

1.6 Process Classification

1.6.1 Continuous processes

1. Batch process
2. Semibatch Process

1. Types of Balances
2. Procedure of mass balance

1.8.1 Microscopic balance

1.8.2 Macroscopic balance

1.9 Transport rates

1.9.1 Mass Transport

1.9.2 Momentum transport

1.9.3 Energy transport

1.9 Thermodynamic relations

1.10 Phase Equilibrium

1.10.1 Flash calculations

1.11 Chemical kinetics

1. Process control

1.13 Number Degree of freedom

1.14 Model solution

1.15 Model evaluation

Problems

References

Learning objectives:

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Model encountered material balances only

2.2.1 Material balance without reactions

2.2.2 Material balance for chemical reactors

2.2.3 Gas phase reaction in a pressurized reactor

2.2.4 Reaction with Mass Transfer

2.3 Energy balance

Problems

References

Learning Objectives:

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Mass transport

3.2.2 Component continuity equation

3.2.2.1 Component mass continuity equation

3.2.2.2 Component molar continuity equation

3.3 Fluid dynamics

3.4 Energy transport

3.4.1 Energy transport in cartesian coordinates

3.4.2 Conversion between the coordinates

3.5 Summary of Equations of change

3.5.1 Equations of change in cartesian coordinates

3.5.2 Equations of change in Cylindrical coordinates

3.5.3 Equations of change in Spherical coordinates

3.6 Applications of the equations of change

Problems

References

Learning objectives:

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Equations of motion

4.2.1 Cartesian coordinate

4.2.2 Cylindrical coordinates

4.2.3 Spherical coordinates

4.2.4 Solving procedure

4.3 Fluid dynamic systems

4.3.1 Velocity profile in a triangular duct

4.3.2 Fluid flow in a nuzzle

4.3.3 Fluid flow past a stationary sphere

4.3.4 Incompressible fluid flows past a solid flat plate

4.4 Application to fluid dynamics

Problems

References

Learning objectives.

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Diffusion of gas through membrane tube

5.3 Mass transfer with chemical reaction

5.4 Plug Flow Reactor

5.5 Diffusion of gas in solid

5.6 Diffusion with chemical reaction

5.7 Leaching of solute form solid particles

5.8 Applied examples

Problems

References

Learning objectives

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Equations of Energy

6.2 Heat Transfer from a Fin

6.3 Radial temperature gradients in an annular chemical reactor

6.4 Heat transfer in a non-Isothermal Plug-Flow reactor

6.5 Temperature profile across a composite plane wall

6.6 Applied examples

Problems

References

Learning Objectives

7.1 Membrane reactors

1. Equilibrium conversion

7.1.2 Numerical solution of equilibrium conversion

7.1.3 Numerical solution in case of hydrogen permeation

7.1.4 Variable feed concentration

7.1.5 Effect of membrane thickness

References

1. Absorption of Carbon dioxide from flue gas

7.2.1 Capture of carbon dioxide using fresh water

7.2.1.1 Model equations

7.2.1.2 Comsol Simulation

7.2.2 Capture of using aqueous sodium hydroxide

7.2.2.1 Model equations

7.2.2.2 Comsol Simulation

References

2. Packed bed reactors

Author(s) Bio

Nayef Ghasem is Professor of Chemical Engineering at the United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. He earned both BSc and MSc degrees from the Middle East Technical University, Ankara (Turkey), and earned his PhD from the University of Salford, Greater Manchester (UK). He teaches chemical process principles, natural gas processing, and process modeling and simulation as undergraduate courses along with other courses in chemical engineering. Previously, he taught these courses at the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He has published more than 50 journal papers, primarily in the areas of modeling and simulation, bifurcation theory, gas–liquid separation using membrane contactor, and fabrication of polymeric hollow fiber membranes. He has also authored 2 books, Computer Methods in Chemical Engineering and Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes: Material and Energy Balances, Second Edition, published by CRC Press. Prof. Ghasem is a senior member of American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

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