1st Edition

Microbiological Examination of Water and Wastewater

By Maria Csuros Copyright 1999

    Microbiological tests have proven to be an indispensable part of environmental contaminant detection. It has also been tremendously difficult to find a comprehensive training manual and laboratory manual for those procedures.
    Microbiological Examination of Water and Wastewater now provides that much-needed resource for laboratory trainees and environmental professionals alike.
    An all-inclusive guide to applications and techniques of microbiological testing, Microbiological Examination of Water and Wastewater includes coverage of General Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, plus Techniques and Methods in Routine Environmental Microbiology Laboratory.
    By exploring the fundamentals of microbiology, as well as microbial metabolism, growth, control, and classification, trainees will better understand the purpose and manner of microbiological examination. Those details also make Microbiological Examination of Water and Wastewater ideal as a standard guidebook for laboratories, water and wastewater treatment plants, and the communities they serve.

    Scope and History of Microbiology
    Microbes and Microbiology
    Brief History of Microbiology
    The Golden Age of Microbiology
    Chemotherapy
    Modern Developments in Microbiology
    Naming and Classifying of Microorganisms
    The Diversity of Microorganisms
    Procaryotic Cell
    Introduction of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells
    The Procaryotic Cell
    Structures External to the Cell Walls
    The Cell Wall
    Structures Internal to the Cell Wall
    Microbial Metabolism
    Meaning of Metabolism
    Metabolic Pathways
    Enzymes
    Nutritional Classification of Organisms
    Energy Production of Organisms
    Carbohydrate Catabolism
    Microbial Growth and its Control
    Microbial Growth
    Physical Requirements
    Chemical Requirement
    Control of Microbial Growth
    Physical Methods of Microbial Control
    Chemical Methods of Microbial Control
    Microorganisms in the Environment
    Biochemical Cycles
    Microorganisms Found in Air
    Microorganisms in Soil
    Aquatic Microbiology
    Water Purification
    Sewage Treatment
    Bioremediation of Organic Contaminants
    Bioremediation
    Application of Bioremediation
    Microbiological Quality of Environmental Samples
    Monitoring Microbiological Quality
    Introduction to Microbiological Parameters Regarding to the Sanitary Quality of Environmental Samples
    Pathogenic Microorganisms
    Iron and Sulfur Bacteria
    Actinomycetes
    Fungi
    Regulations for Drinking Water Quality
    Groundwaters
    Surface Waters
    Wastewater
    Soil, Sediment
    Air
    Safety in Environmental Microbiology Laboratory
    Laboratory Facilities
    Laboratory Safety Considerations
    Summarized Safety Check List for Environmental Microbiology Laboratories
    Laboratory Quality Assurance and Quality Control
    Introduction
    Requirement for Facilities and Personnel
    Quality Control of Laboratory Equipments and Instruments
    Quality Control of Laboratory Supplies
    Quality Control of Laboratory Pure Water
    Analytical Quality Control Procedures
    Records and Data Reporting
    Interlaboratory Quality Control
    Collecting and Handling Environmental Samples for Microbiological Examination
    Sampling
    Sample Collection from Different Sources
    Sample Identification
    Sample Transportation, Preservation, and Holding Time
    Laboratory Equipments and Supplies in Environmental Microbiology Laboratory
    Laboratory Equipments
    Laboratory Glassware
    Chemicals, Reagents
    Culture Media
    Culture Media and Culture
    Bacterial Growth in Media
    Direct Measurement of Bacterial Growth
    Dilutions
    Plate Counts
    Membrane Filter (MF) Technique
    Most Probable Number (MPN) Method
    Staining Procedures
    Direct Microscopic Counts
    Estimation of Bacterial Numbers by Indirect Methods
    Turbidity
    Biochemical Reactions and Enzymatic Tests
    Rapid Identification Systems (Multitest Systems)
    Methods for Analysing Microbiological Quality of the Environment
    Methods and Techniques
    Rapid Detection Methods
    Methods for Microbiological Examination of Recreational Waters
    Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria
    Detection of Soil Microorganisms
    Heterotrophic Plate Counts
    Introduction
    Pour Plate Method
    Determination of Total Coliform
    Introduction
    Membrane Filter Method (MF)
    Most Probable Number (MPN) Method
    Determination of Klebsiella
    Application for Soil, Sediment, and Sludge Samples
    Analytical Quality Control
    Determination of Fecal Coliform
    Definition of the Fecal Coliform Group
    Membrane Filter Method
    Delayed Incubation MF Method
    The Most Probable Number (MPN) Method
    The MUG Test
    Application for Soil, Sediment, and Sludge Samples
    Analytical Quality Control (QC) Procedure
    Determination of Fecal Streptococcus
    Introduction
    Enterococci Portion of the Fecal Streptococcus Group
    Membrane Filter (MF) Technique
    Delayed MF Procedure
    Most Probable Number (MPN) Method
    Pour Plate Method
    Procedures for Soils, Sediments, and Sludges
    Analytical Quality Control (QC) Procedures
    Enterobacteriaceae
    Introduction
    Enterotube II
    BBL OXI/FERM Tube II
    API 20E System
    Iron and Sulfur Bacteria
    Introduction
    Iron Bacteria
    Sulfur Bacteria
    Enumeration, Enrichment, and Isolation of Iron and Sulfur Bacteria
    Detection of Actinomycetes
    General Introduction
    Determination of Actinomycetes Density
    Appendix A: Exponential Notation
    Appendix B: International System of Units (Metric System)
    Appendix C: Units and Conversion Factors
    Appendix D: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
    Appendix E: Determination of Solids
    Appendix F: Measurement of Ph
    Appendix G: Bacteriophages

    Biography

    Maria Csuros