1st Edition
Geothermal, Wind and Solar Energy Applications in Agriculture and Aquaculture
The agri-food chain consumes about one third of the world’s energy production with about 12% of it for crop production and nearly 80% for processing, distribution, retail, preparation and cooking. The agri-food chain also accounts for 80-90% of total global freshwater use where 70% alone is for irrigation. Additionally, on a global scale, freshwater production consumes nearly 15% of the entire energy production. It can therefore be argued that making agriculture and the agri-food supply chain independent from fossil fuel use has a huge potential to contribute to global food security and climate protection not only for the next decades but also for the coming century. Provision of secure, accessible and environmentally sustainable supplies of water, energy and food must thus be a priority.
One of the major objectives of the world’s scientists, farmers, decisions makers and industrialists is to overcome the present dependence on fossil fuels in the agro-food sector. This dependency increases the volatility of food prices and affects economic access to sustenance.
This book provides a critical review of recent developments in solar, wind and geothermal energy applications in agriculture and the agro-food sector such as processing, distribution, retail, preparation and cooking.
Solar, wind and geothermal energy applications in agriculture: back to the future?
Jochen Bundschuh, Guangnan Chen, Barbara Tomaszewska, Noreddine Ghaffour, Shahbaz Mushtaq, Ihsan Hamawand, Kathryn Reardon-Smith, Tek Maraseni, Thomas Banhazi, Hacene Mahmoudi, Mattheus Goosen & Diogenes L. Antille
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Energy demands in agriculture
1.3 The water-energy-food-climate nexus
1.4 Greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint of agriculture
1.5 Merging renewables with agriculture: The sustainability approach
1.6 Conclusions
2. Agriculture sector modernization and renewable energy development: perspectives from developing countries
Robert K. Dixon & Ming Yang
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The role of the Global Environment Facility
2.3 Biomass energy
2.4 Combined renewable energy technologies
2.5 Geothermal energy
2.6 Small hydropower
2.7 Off-grid solar photovoltaic
2.8 On-grid solar photovoltaic
2.9 Solar thermal heating
2.10 Solar thermal power
2.11 Wind power
2.12 Summary and conclusions
3. Linking food and nutrition security, urban and peri-urban agriculture, and sustainable energy use: experiences from South America
Deborah Hines & Sarah Balistreri
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Multiple benefits from urban and peri-urban agriculture actions
3.3 Urban agriculture: examples from South America
3.4 Shaping the food and nutrition security agenda
4. Renewable energy use for aquaponics development on a global scale towards sustainable food production
Ragnheidur Thorarinsdottir, Daniel Coaten, Edoardo Pantanella, Charlie Shultz, Henk Stander & Kristin Vala Ragnarsdottir
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Aquaponics technology
4.3 Aquaponics as a sustainable food production method
4.4 Connection to UN Sustainable Development Goals 2015–2030
4.5 Conclusions and future work
5. Renewable energy use and potential in remote central Australia
Yiheyis Maru, Supriya Mathew, Digby Race & Bruno Spandonide
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Renewable energy supply: state and trends in remote Australia
5.3 Case studies from inland remote Australia
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusion
6. Opportunities of adopting renewable energy for the nursery industry in Australia
Guangnan Chen, Erik Schmidt, Tek Maraseni, Jochen Bundschuh, Thomas Banhazi & Diogenes L. Antille
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Energy use in nursery
6.3 Opportunities of adopting alternative energy sources
6.4 Development of online calculator for alternative energy sources
6.5 Case studies
6.6 Conclusion
7. Fundamentals of solar energy
Maciej Klein, Kamil Łapinski, Katarzyna Siuzdak & Adam Cenian
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Photovoltaic effect – principle and operating mechanism of solar cells
7.3 System design: PV direct, grid-tied, stand-alone, grid-tied with battery backup, solar thermal – PVT
7.4 Storage: batteries, capacitors and supercapacitors, operation principle, new development (graphen etc.)
8. Renewable energy technologies for greenhouses in semi-arid climates
Francisco Javier Cabrera, Jorge Antonio Sánchez-Molina, Guillermo Zaragoza, Manuel Pérez-García & Francisco Rodríguez-Díaz
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Greenhouses in semi-arid climates
8.3 Overview of energy demands in greenhouses
8.4 Renewable energies applicable to greenhouses
8.5 Energy savings from crop growth control in greenhouses using optimal controllers
8.6 Conclusions
9. Solar photocatalytic disinfection of water for reuse in irrigation
Pilar Fernández-Ibáñez, María Inmaculada Polo-López, Sixto Malato, Alba Ruiz-Aguirre & Guillermo Zaragoza
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Compound parabolic collectors for water disinfection
9.3 Solar water disinfection (SODIS)
9.4 Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)
9.5 Disinfection of wastewater effluents by solar treatments
9.6 Improvements in water disinfection by membrane distillation pretreatment
9.7 Concluding remarks and future perspectives
10. Solar PV for water pumping and irrigation
István Patay, István Seres & Jochen Bundschuh
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Energy demand of water pumping
10.3 Energy demand of irrigation methods
10.4 Electric water pumps for water supply and irrigation
10.5 Solar PV panels for pumping
10.6 Design of solar PV-based irrigation
10.7 Solar water pumping in Economic comparison with diesel- and grid electricity-powered pumping
10.8 Case studies
10.9 Conclusions
11. Solar drying
Om Prakash, Anil Kumar &Atul Sharma
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Basics of drying
11.3 Selection of solar dryers for the product
11.4 Types of solar dryers
11.5 Testing of solar dryer
11.6 Energy analysis
11.7 Impact of solar drying on product quality
11.8 Concluding remarks
12. Small-scale wind power energy systems for use in agriculture and similar applications
Wojciech Miaskowski, Krzysztof Nalepa, Paweł Pietkiewicz & Janusz Piechocki
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Assessment of wind parameters for the purpose of wind turbine location
12.3 Types of wind turbines
12.4 Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs)
12.5 Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs)
12.6 Strengths and weaknesses of HAWTs and VAWTs
12.7 Applications of wind turbines
12.8 Wind energy solutions for households
12.9 Conclusions
13. Windmills for water pumping, irrigation and drainage
István Patay & Norbert Schrempf
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Wind technologies for water pumping
13.3 Applications
14. Lakes as a heat source for heat pumps – a model study to determine the ecological impact of summer heat transfer
Renata Brzozowska, Maciej Neugebauer & Janusz Piechocki
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Heat pumps
14.3 Lake characteristics and anthropogenic pressure of heat pumps on lakes
14.4 Calculations
14.5 Conclusions
Biography
Jochen Bundschuh, Guangnan Chen, D. Chandrasekharam, Janusz Piechocki
