Organic Chemicals: An Environmental Perspective
Features
Summary
Environmental problems have become increasingly complex. The procedures for investigating these problems cross the traditional boundaries of organic and analytical chemistry, microbiology and biology. Organic Chemicals: An Environmental Perspective brings together the basic issues of chemical analysis, distribution, persistence, and ecotoxicology.
The author illustrates each point with specific examples and presents a mechanistic approach to microbial reactions. Extensive cross referencing between chapters provides cohesion and complete coverage of issues tangential to each topic. The new edition has been extensively revised, and contains a new appendix, a new chapter, plus further revised information throughout the book. In fact, it is a completely new book.
A major difficulty in environmental science is that much of the background is widely scattered in the specialized chemical, microbiological, and biological literature. The coverage of all these areas in a single volume, the coherence supplied by the cross references, and the extensive references to the original literature makes Organic Chemicals: An Environmental Perspective a unique resource.
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
Analysis
Synopsis
Introduction
Sampling
Extraction and Cleanup
Procedures Involving Chemical Reactions: Derivatization
Identification and Quantification: Basic Definitions
General Comments
Conclusions
References
Partition: Distribution, Transport, and Mobility
Synopsis
Introduction
Partition in Biota: Uptake of Xenobiotics From the Aqueous Phase
Partition Between Water, and Sediment or Soil phases
Phase Heterogeneity: Dissolved Organic Carbon and Interstitial Water
Partitions into the Atmosphere
Dissemination of Xenobiotics
Monitoring
Conclusions
References
Persistence: General Orientation
Introduction
Synopsis
Abiotic Reactions
Biotic Reactions
Mechanisms for the Introduction of Oxygen
Interactions
References
Persistence: Experimental Aspects
Introduction
Abiotic Reactions
Microbial Reactions
Design of Experiments on Biodegredation and Biotransformation
Experimental Problems: Water Solubility, Volatility, Sampling and Association of the Substrate with Microbial Cells
Procedures for Elucidating Metabolic Pathways
Use of Surrogate Substrates to Induce Enzymatic Activity
Procedures for Analysis of Degradative Populations
Classification and Identification of Organisms
References
Pathways of Degradation and Biotransformation
Synopsis
Introduction
Aerobic Degradation of Non-Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Aerobic Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds
Aerobic Degradation of Hetercyclic Aromatic Compounds
Degradation of Halogenated Alkanes and Alkenes
Aerobic Degradation of Halogenated Aromatic Compounds
Anaerobic Metabolism of Halogenated Aromatic Compounds
Reactions Carried Out by Anaerobic Bacteria Other Than Dehalogenation
References
Ecotoxicology
Synopsis
Introduction
Choice of Test Species in Laboratory Tests
Experimental Determinants
Test Systems: Single Organisms
Test Systems: Several Organisms
Metabolism of Xenobiotics by Higher Organisms
Biomarkers: Biochemical and Physiological End-Points
A Wider Perspective
References
Microbiological Aspects of Bioremediation
Synopsis
Introduction
Representative Sites
A Hierarchical Strategy
Concluding Comments
References
Editorial Reviews
"…monumental, cutting-edge work on the fate and transport of organic chemicals."
--A. S. Casparian, in CHOICE, June 2000
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