Cold Weather Concreting
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Summary
Concreting in cold weather requires special knowledge and skills to ensure accelerated hardening and high quality in plain- and reinforced-concrete structures. Cold Weather Concreting familiarizes concrete specialists with the characteristic features of concrete in cold weather, including the effects of frost, methods for hardening in subzero temperatures, and other challenges in cold-weather concreting. Both practical techniques and their underlying theories are covered.
The book presents many methods for the thermal treatment of concrete by means of electric current--information previously available only in the Russian literature. It presents unique data in the form of diagrams, drawings, and tables, including a chart of the phase state of concretes of different strengths in the process of freezing at different temperatures, the variation of concrete strains in freezing and thawing, and a diagram of electric fields in concrete when electrodes are placed in front of stirrups.
Table of Contents
1. Winter Construction
Specific Features of Winter
Concreting in Winter Conditions
Problems of Winter Concreting
2. Effects of Frost on the Structure and Properties of Concrete
Modern Views on the Hardening of Concrete
The Phase State of Water in Concrete at Different Temperatures
The Mechanism of Deterioration of Concrete Due to Early Freezing
Precuring of Concrete Before Freezing
Effects of Early Freezing on Concrete Properties
Concrete in the Frozen State and its Basic Properties
3. Preparations for Concreting in Winter Conditions
4. Concretes Containing Antifreeze Admixtures
The Principle of the Method and its Theory
Selection and Assignment of Antifreeze Admixtures
Procedures
5. Thermos Curing
The Principle and Application of the Thermos Method
Placement and Curing of Concrete in Structures Built on Permafrost Ground
Curing and Cooling of Concrete in Massive Structures
6. Electric Contact Heating of Concrete
The Principle and Application of the Method
Heaters for Electric Contact Heating
Heating Formworks Covered with Conductive Materials
Application of Electric Contact Heating of Concrete
7. Electrode Heating of Concrete
Electric Conductivity of Concrete
Processes in Concrete Caused by Electric Current Passing Through it
Electrodes for Electric Heating of Concrete
Processes at the Interface of Concrete and an Electrode
Electric and Thermal Fields in Electric Heating
External Mass Exchange in Electric Heating
Electrode Heating Procedures
8. Electric Preheating of Concrete Mixtures
General Considerations and the Principle of the Method
The Theoretical Background of the Accelerated Heating of Concrete Mixtures
Internal Heat Exchange During the Accelerated Electric Heating of Concrete
Changes in Plastic Properties of Concrete Caused by Accelerated Heating
Physical-Mechanical Properties of Concrete Subjected to Accelerated Heating
Equipment for Electric Preheating of Concrete Mixtures
Concreting Procedures with Preheated Concrete Mixtures
Preheating of Concrete Mixtures in Truck Mixers
9. Induction Heating of Concrete
The Principle and Application of the Method
Determining Basic Parameters of Heating
Induction Heating of Concrete in Framed Structures
10. Sealing Joints Between Precast Units and Between Precast and Cast-in-Place Members in Composite Construction
Specific Features of Joints Between Precast Concrete Units
Erection of Precast Concrete Units
Curing of Sealing Concrete in Joints
11. Curing of Cast-in-Place Concrete in Enclosures
The Principle of the Method and Types of Enclosures
Curing of Concrete in Enclosures
Air Exchange in Enclosures
Concreting in Enclosures
12. Some Problems of Economics of Winter Concreting
Appendix - Specific Power Values Required to Heat Concrete with Strip Electrodes Placed on One Side
References
Index
