Software Engineering Measurement
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Summary
The product of many years of practical experience and research in the software measurement business, this technical reference helps you select what metrics to collect, how to convert measurement data to management information, and provides the statistics necessary to perform these conversions. The author explains how to manage software development measurement systems, how to build software measurement tools and standards, and how to construct controlled experiments using standardized measurement tools.
There are three fundamental questions that this book seeks to answer. First, exactly how do you get the measurement data? Second, how do you convert the data from the measurement process to information that you can use to manage the software development process? Third, how do you manage all of the data?
Millions of dollars are being spent trying to secure software systems. When suitable instrumentation is placed into the systems that we develop, their activity can be monitored in real time. Measurement based automatic detection mechanisms can be designed into systems. This will permit the detection of system misuse and detect incipient reliability problems.
By demonstrating how to develop simple experiments for the empirical validation of theoretical research and showing how to convert measurement data into meaningful and valuable information, this text fosters more precise use of software measurement in the computer science and software engineering literature. Software Engineering Measurement shows you how to convert your measurement data to valuable information that can be used immediately for software process improvement.
Table of Contents
THE GOALS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING MEASUREMENT
Software Engineering Measurement
The Rationale for Effective Measurement
Measurement across the Life Cycle Model
Reasonable and Attainable Goals for Software Measurement
Summary
THE CONDUCT OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS
The Principals of Scientific Investigation
Measurement
Measurement Issues
Measurement Standards
Principles of Experimentation
MEASURING SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Measurement Domains
Modeling: Mapping among Measurement Domains
The Process of Software Measurement
Summary
VALIDATION OF SOFTWARE MEASURES
Understanding What Is Being Measured
Criterion-Oriented Validity
Content Validity
Construct Validity
Empirical Validity
Reliability
STATIC SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT
Introduction
Primitive Measures of Source Code
Measures of Software Quality
Summary
DERIVED SOFTWARE MEASURES
Introduction
Software Science Metrics
Sources of Variation
The Principal Components of Measurement
Principal Components Analysis as a Validation Tool
Discovering New Sources of Variation
Domain Metrics
A Unitary Measure of Software Complexity
Summary
MODELING WITH METRICS
Introduction
Simple Linear Regression
Non-Linear Models
Problems Associated with Multicollinearity
Regression as a Metric Validation Tool
Canonical Correlation
MEASURING SOFTWARE EVOLUTION
Introduction
Measuring Evolving Software
Measuring Changes to Modules across Builds
Summary
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN
Introduction
Software Operational Requirements Specification
Software Functional Requirements Specification
Software Module Requirements Specification
A Formal Description of Program Operation
Configuration Control for the Requirements
Measuring Software Design Alternatives
Maintainability
DYNAMIC SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT
Introduction
A Stochastic Description of Program Operation
The Profiles of Software Dynamics
Estimates for Profiles
Code Instrumentation
Instrumenting for the Profiles
Partial Complexity
A Measure of Cohesion
Entropy
Testability Revisited
THE MEASUREMENT OF SOFTWARE TESTING ACTIVITY
Introduction
Static and Dynamic Measurement
A Metaphor for Test Activity
Measurement Based Testing
Fractional Measures
Introduction to Statistical Testing
SOFTWARE AVAILABILITY
Introduction
Software Reliability
Availability
Security
Maintainability
IMPLEMENTING A SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT PLAN
The Software Measurement Process
Building a Measurement Process
Measurement Process Improvement
Institutionalizing Measurement Process Improvement
A Network Based Measurement System
IMPLEMENTING A SOFTWARE RESEARCH PLAN
What Is Software Research?
Implementing a Research Plan
Defining Software Research Objectives
Budgeting for Software Research
Research Pays
APPENDIXES
REVIEW OF MATHEMATICAL FUNDAMENTALS
Matrix Algebra
Some Notions of Probability
Discrete Probability Distributions
Continuous Probability Distributions
Statistics
Tests of Hypotheses
Introduction to Modeling
A STANDARD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE ATTRIBUTES
Introduction
Compiler Directives
Style and Statement Metrics
Lexical Metrics
Control Flowgraph Metrics
Coupling Metrics
Definitions
Tokens
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