Over the past decade the sediments of many rivers, lakes, and estuaries have been contaminated by inorganic and organic materials. Contaminants from sediments, under certain conditions, can be released into overlying waters. Thus, sediments may be an important source of contaminants to waters in which littoral and atmospheric contaminants have been reduced or eliminated.
Often found in aquatic sediments, metals are exposed to many reactions, such as sorption and precipitation, and are greatly influenced by the redox conditions in the sediment. The reactions - usually over a period of time - reflect biotic processing as well as chemical transformations. This book describes these important processes.
Metal Contaminated Aquatic Sediments outlines advances in environmental chemistry, effective new modeling techniques, applications for biological treatment, and cycling and transport of trace metals in sedimentary environments.
Each chapter contains a detailed reference section that draws upon a stunning array of sources. The book includes many figures and tables that illustrate the process under discussion.
Features
Introduction
Development of Metal Research with Respect to Pollution
The History of Metal Pollution
Normalization of Measurement Results
Mobilization of Metals
Civil Engineering and Metal Problems
Terrestrial Consequences of Metal Pollution
Speciation and Quality Criteria
Management of Dredged Materials
References
Metal Cycling in Surface Sediments: Modeling the Interplay of Transport and Reaction, P. Van Cappellan and Y. Wang
Introduction
Surface Sediments
Mathematical and Numerical Theory
A Model for Iron and Manganese in Sediments
Simulations
Conclusions
References
Trace Metal Chemistry in Porewaters, G.W. Luther, III
Introduction
Experimental
Mineral Formation and Dissolution Process
Factors Governing Metal Speciation in Porewaters
Conclusion
References
Metal Adsorption onto and Desorption From Sediments, I. Rates
Introduction
Multiple Reactions
Data Calculation and Plotting
Results
Theses Concerning Cationic Metal Adsorption and Desorption
Summary
References
Metal and Silicate Sorption and Subsequent Mineral Formation on Bacterial Surfaces: Subsurface Implications, S. Schultze-Lam, M. Urrutia-Mera, and T. Beveridge
Introduction
Bacterial Structure and Cell Surface Chemistry
Biofilms
Metal Ion Binding by Bacterial Cells
Mineral Formation on Bacterial Cells
Metal Ion Transport and the Immobilization of Toxic Heavy Metals
References
Determination of Redox Status in Sediments, T. Grundl
Introduction
Redox Intensity in Ideal Systems
Redox Intensity in Disequilibrium Systems
Redox Intensity in Natural Systems
Alternate Techniques to Measure Redox Intensity
Redox Capacity in Ideal Systems
Redox Capacity in Disequilibrium Systems
Alternate Methods of Describing Redox Status
Summary
References
Changes in Metal Speciation Following Alteration of Sediment Redox Status, J.H. Pardue and W.H. Patrick, Jr
Dynamics of Trace Metal Interactions with Authigenic Sulfide Minerals in Anoxic Sediments, J.W. Morse
Introduction
Overview of Sulfide Chemistry in Anoxic Sediments
Trace Metal Interactions with Pyrite
Trace Metal Interactions with Mackinawite
Summary and Discussion
References
Effects of Bioturbation on Solute and Particle Transport in Sediments, G. Matisoff
Introduction
Example Studies
Suggestions for Future Research
References
EPA's Contaminated Sediment Management Strategy, T.M. Armitage
Introduction
Existing Statutory and Regulatory Authority to Manage Contaminated Sediment
Strategy for Assessing Sediment Contamination
Strategy for Preventing Sediment Contamination
Strategy for Abating and Controlling Sources of Sediment Contamination
Remediation and Enforcement Strategy
Strategy for Dredged Material Management
Research Strategy
Outreach Strategy
References
Subject Index
Biography
Allen, HerbertE.
"There should be considerable interest in this volume. It gave me a much better appreciation of redox cycles and acid volatile sulfides."
- SETAC News
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