This is a comprehensive reference that includes the basic science, clinical features, imaging, pathology and treatment of specific viral entities affecting the central nervous system (CNS). It will assist professionals in their attempt to identify, examine and manage viral CNS infections and unravel the therapeutic and diagnostic challenges associated with viral CNS disorders.
Key Features
- Features MRI scans, histopathology and lined diagrams showing pathophysiology
- Much has happened in our understanding of CNS infections in recent years and a comprehensive book that covers the entire subject is much needed.
- There is ongoing interest in infectious disease. The increasing globalization of medicine is putting demands on many more people to become familiar with issues from around that world that they did not see in training.
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editors
Contributors
PART I. INTRODUCTION: EPIDEMIOLOGY, SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT, AND CHALLENGES AHEAD
1. Introduction to virus structure, classification, replication, and hosts
Philippe Simon and Kevin M. Coombs
2. Neuropathogenesis of viral infections
Avindra Nath and Joseph R. Berger
3. An approach to pathogen discovery for viral infections of the nervous system
Prashanth S. Ramachandran and Michael R. Wilson
4. Neuropathology of CNS viral infections and the role of brain biopsy in the diagnosis
Susan Morgello
PART II. DNA VIRUSES
5. Herpes simplex viruses
Israel Steiner and Felix Benninger
6. Varicella zoster virus infection
Don Gilden, Randall J. Cohrs, Dallas Jones, and Maria A. Nagel
7. Epstein–Barr virus and the nervous system
Alexandros C. Tselis, Kumar Rajamani, and Pratik Bhattacharya
8. Cytomegalovirus
Joseph R. Berger
9. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Eric M. L. Williamson and Joseph R. Berger
10. Adenovirus
Jennifer McGuire and Joseph R. Berger
PART III. RETROVIRUSES
11. HIV neurological complications
Alessandro Fois and Bruce Brew
12. Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)
Shila Azodi and Steven Jacobson
PART IV. RNA VIRUSES
13. Rabies and other lyssaviruses
Thiravat Hemachudha, Jiraporn Laothamatas, and Henry Wilde
14. Neurological manifestations of West Nile virus
Daniel E. Smith, J. David Beckham, Daniel M. Pastula, and Kenneth L. Tyler
15. Chikungunya virus and Japanese encephalitis virus
Jennifer L. Lyons
16. Arthropod-borne virus encephalitis
Joseph R. Berger
17. Enteroviruses
Karen Straube-West and Burk Jubelt
18. Measles and its neurological complications
Benedikt Weissbrich and Jürgen Schneider-Schaulies
19. Rubella
Avindra Nath
20. Influenza neurologic complications
Larry E. Davis and Jennifer R. Plourde
21. Nipah encephalitis, a fatal encephalitis with bats as reservoir
Chong-Tin Tan and Kum-Thong Wong
PART 5. MISCELLANEOUS
22. Von Economo’s encephalitis
Joseph R. Berger
23. Neurological events following immunizations
James J. Sejvar
24. Central nervous system viral infections complicating immunosuppression
Amy A. Pruitt
25. Post-viral syndromes
Anusha K. Yeshokumar, Eliza Gordon-Lipkin, and Brenda Banwell
26. Viral neuro-oncogenesis: Polyomaviruses and brain tumors
Martyn K. White, Sidney E. Croul, and Kamel Khalili
27. Autoimmune disorders that can be mistaken for viral illness
Maxwell Greene and Eric Lancaster
28. Antiviral therapeutics for viral infections of the central nervous system
Richard Whitley
29. Neurological manifestations of coronavirus infections
Avindra Nath and Joseph R. Berger
Index
Biography
Avindra Nath
Dr. Nath is the Chief of the Section of Infections of the Nervous System at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. He was previously Professor in the Department of Neurology and Director of the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections at Johns Hopkins University. His career has been dedicated to studying the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology and developing treatment for brain infections since the beginning of the AIDS pandemic. He has traveled to several countries to study these infections including Liberia during the Ebola epidemic. He teaches medical students, residents and clinical fellows on CNS infections for which he has received several teaching awards. He frequently talks at grand rounds, seminars and conferences around the world on viral infections of the brain and has been teaching courses on viral encephalitis at the American Academy of Neurology for over 20 years. His laboratory research is focused mainly on retroviral infections particularly HIV infection. More recently, his laboratory is studying the pathophysiology of Ebola and Zika viruses. He is the past President of the International Society of Neurovirology (ISNV) and an elected member of the Association of American Physicians. He is the recipient of the Pioneer award from the ISNV and the Wybran award from the Society of Neuroimmune Pharmacology.
Joseph R. Berger
Dr. Berger, M.D., is Professor of Neurology and Associate Chief of the Multiple Sclerosis Division of the Department of Neurology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. His career has been dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment and investigation of neuroinfectious and neuroinflammatory disorders. His foray into neuroinfectious diseases started with the investigation of the neurological complications of HIV/AIDS while at the University of Miami at the inception of the AIDS pandemic and an endowment there established the Whigham-Berger Endowed Chair, the first endowed chair for the study of the neurological complications of HIV/AIDS. Dr. Berger continued his research in HIV and PML while at the University of Kentucky where he was Chairman of the Department of Neurology from 1995 to 2013. With Dr. Robert Levy, he co-founded and co-chaired the international Neuroscience of HIV conference. He is a fellow of the American College of Physicians, American Academy of Neurology and the American Neurological Association. Among his many awards are the Pioneer Award from the International Society of Neurovirology and the Distinguished Teaching Award from the American Neurological Association.
This second edition is a wonderful comprehensive reference for practicing neurologists and infectious disease specialists when faced with patients afflicted with viral-mediated neurological syndromes. A significant upgrade from the first edition, this edition includes newer topics, including West Nile, Ebola, Zika, enterovirus D68, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, as well as significant advances in methodologies of detection and treatment. Drs. Nath and Berger have provided a very broad coverage to this topic, reflecting their clinical and scientific background, keeping both the clinical and scientific practitioners in mind. This text holds its own as a solidly comprehensive reference text for clinicians, including neurologists and infectious disease specialists, as well as for the immunologist and clinical scientist involved in the pathophysiology of virally mediated neurological illnesses. The editors are well-renowned neuroinfectious specialists in theirnfield who have sought experts from around the world to help contribute chapters to this text. There is a lack of textbooks in this area, and having an authoritative work helps the field progress further, especially with the advances made since the last edition was published in 2003.
Ali A Saherwala, MD(Thomas Jefferson University)