1st Edition
Electrolytes Supramolecular Interactions and Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in Concentrated Solutions
Electrolyte solutions play a key role in traditional chemical industry processes as well as other sciences such as hydrometallurgy, geochemistry, and crystal chemistry. Knowledge of electrolyte solutions is also key in oil and gas exploration and production, as well as many other environmental engineering endeavors. Until recently, a gap existed between the electrolyte solution theory dedicated to diluted solutions, and the theory, practice, and technology involving concentrated solutions.
Electrolytes: Supramolecular Interactions and Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in Concentrated Solutions addresses concentrated electrolyte solutions and the theory of structure formation, super and supramolecular interactions, and other physical processes with these solutions—now feasible due to new precision measurement techniques and experimental data that have become available.
The first part of the book covers the electrolyte solution in its stationary state—electrostatic, and various ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, and mutual repulsion interactions. The second part covers the electrolyte solution in its nonstationary status, in the case of forced movement between two plates—electrical conductivity, viscosity, and diffusion. This theoretical framework allows for the determination of activity coefficients of concentrated electrolyte solutions, which play a key role in many aspects of electrochemistry and for developing novel advanced processes in inorganic chemical plants.
SUPRAMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS
Historic Introduction
Early Views on the Process of Ion Solvation in Electrolyte Solutions
Evolution of Solvation Concepts and Structural State of Electrolyte Solutions
References
Supramolecular Designing of a Host
Stages of Formation of Approaches to the Concept of Long-Range Supermolecular Forces
The Principles of Supramolecular-Thermodynamic Approach
Quantum Statistics of Supermolecular Interactions
Supramolecular Host–Guest Structure Distribution Function
Rate of Distribution Function Change in Time
Supramolecular Interactions Potential
Solving the Equation for Potential in the Absence of External Fields
References
Thermodynamics of Supermolecular and Supramolecular Interactions
Supermolecular–Thermodynamic Interactions of Activity Coefficients
Guest Activity Function
Minimum Interaction Distance of Electrostatic Forces among Ions in the Host Solution
Distance between Ions in the Host Solution
Dielectric Permittivity of Host–Guest Solution
References
Supermolecular Interactions
Van der Waals Components of Attraction Potential
Perturbation Method
Interaction Energy in the First Approximation of the Perturbation Method
Evaluation of the Energy of Van der Waals Interactions in Structure Formation of the Guest–Host Solution
Ion–Dipole Interactions in the First Approximation of the Perturbation Theory
Weak Chemical Interactions in the Host Solution
Short-Range Repulsion in the Host Solution
Adjustment of Potential of Supramolecular Interactions
Thermodynamics of Water Activity Interaction
References
NON-EQUILIBRIUM PHENOMENA
Electrical Conductivity
Historic Preamble
Theories of Electrical Conductivity
General Continuity Equation for Electrolyte Solutions in Perturbed State
Electrical Conductivity: General Theory of Supermolecular Forces
Relaxation Force
Electrophoretic Retardation
Electrical Conductivity of Electrolytes at Weak Electric Fields and Low Frequencies
Results and Their Discussion
References
Viscosity
Semiempirical Approaches to Viscosity Determination
Viscosity Theory
General Theory of Viscosity
Solution Viscosity Coefficient (General Solving)
Solution Viscosity Coefficient (Final Solving)
References
Diffusion Coefficient
About Diffusion Theories
Diffusion Flows
General Theory of Supermolecular Forces in Diffusion Flows
Diffusion Coefficient (Final Solution)
References
Conclusion
Biography
Georgiy Aseyev is department head at the Kharkov State Academy of Culture in Kharkov, Ukraine. He is also a professor and at the International Informatization Academy, which is associated with the UN. He obtained a doctorate in engineering sciences from the Kharkov Scientific-Research and Design Institute of Inorganic Chemistry. His research areas of interest include theoretical chemistry, nanotechnology, supramolecular interactions in concentrated electrolyte solutions, and artificial intelligence. Dr. Aseyev has written hundreds of magazine articles and dozens of monographs and books.
