2nd Edition
Waste Management Practices Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial, Second Edition
Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial, Second Edition addresses the three main categories of wastes (hazardous, municipal, and "special" wastes) covered under federal regulation outlined in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), an established framework for managing the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of several forms of waste.
Focusing on integrating the technical and regulatory complexities of waste management, this book covers the historical and regulatory development of waste management and the management of municipal solid wastes. It also addresses hazardous wastes and their management, from the perspectives of identification, transportation, and requirements for generators as well as the treatment, storage, and disposal facilities.
Features:
- Covers the three main categories of wastes under regulation in the United States
- Incorporates an extensive set of problems, presented at the end of several chapters as appendices
- Includes numerous review/homework questions at the end of each chapter
- Highlights special categories of waste that may not fit precisely into either RCRA Subtitle D (Solid Wastes) or Subtitle C (Hazardous Wastes)
In addition to the end-of-chapter problems provided in all chapters of this book, the text also contains practical exercises using data from field situations.
Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial, Second Edition
is an ideal textbook or reference guide for students and professionals involved in the management of all three categories of wastes.Part I Historical and Regulatory Development
Introduction
Definition of a Solid Waste
Categories of Wastes
Generation of MSW
Solid Waste Management
Questions
References
Suggested Readings and Web Sites
A Brief History of Waste Management
Introduction
Earliest Civilizations
Greece
Rome
Europe
United States
Recent Waste Management Initiatives
Solid Waste Incineration and Other Thermal Processes
Land Disposal and the Sanitary Landfill
Recycling/Reuse
Questions
References
Regulatory Development
Introduction
Significant US Legislation
Other Recent Laws Affecting Waste Management
Relationship of RCRA with Other Environmental Statutes
Laws, Regulations, and Other Actions at the Federal Level
Questions
References
Suggested Readings
Part II Municipal Solid Wastes
Characterization of Solid Waste
Introduction
Sampling Protocols for MSW
Variability Affecting Waste Sampling
Common Components in Municipal Solid Waste
Chemical Properties of MSW
Physical Properties of MSW
Questions
Exercise: Waste Characterization
References
Suggested Readings
Municipal Solid Waste Collection
Introduction
Developing a Waste Collection System
Logistics of the Collection Program
Questions
References
Suggested Readings
Recycling Solid Wastes
Introduction
Recycling Terminology
Recycling Progress and Statistics
Recovery and Markets for Components of the Waste Stream
Market Issues
Purity of Materials
Paper
Glass
Aluminum
Ferrous Metals
Plastics
Yard Waste
Food Waste
Tires and Rubber
Goals for the Nation
Questions
References
Suggested Readings
Municipal Solid Waste Processing: Materials Recovery Facilities
Introduction
The Materials Recovery Facility
Materials Recovery at MRF Unit Operations
Materials Separation and Processing at the MRF
Materials Flow in the MRF
The Contamination Issue
Environmental Control
Questions
References
Suggested Readings
Composting MSW
Introduction
Benefits of Composting
Overview of the Composting Process
The Role of Microorganisms in Composting
Factors Affecting the Composting Process
The Composting Stage
The Curing Stage
Environmental Concerns During Composting
Occupational Health and Safety Concerns During Composting
Facility Siting
Design
MSW Composting by Anaerobic Processes
Questions
Exercise: Soil and Groundwater Quality at a Composting Facility
References
Suggested Readings
Incineration of MSW
Introduction
Combustion Concepts
The Mass-Burn Incinerator
Environmental Considerations of Mass Burn
Air Pollution Control
Ash Quality from Mass Burn
Metals
Health Effects of Metals in Incinerator Ash
Leachability of Metals in Incinerator Ash
MSW Incineration in the United States: the Future
Refuse-Derived Fuel
Questions
References
Suggested Readings
The Sanitary Landfill
Introduction
Relevant Definitions under the RCRA Regulations
Siting the Landfill
Requirements of Operation
Receipt of Hazardous Waste
Inspections
Training
Landfill Design
Clay Liners
Hydraulic Conductivity
Geomembrane Liners
Compatibility of Liners with Wastes
Survivability Tests
Permeability
Stress
Geomembrane Liner Handling and Placement
Construction Quality Assurance
Daily Operations and Issues
Trace Gases
Landfill Gas Control
Gas Utilization
Other Air Criteria
Public Access
Control of Run-On and Runoff
Management of Surface Water
Restrictions on Liquids in Landfills
Leachate Formation
Geosynthetic Materials
Collection Laterals
Sumps
Leachate Treatment
Groundwater Monitoring and Corrective Action
Record Keeping
Closure
Postclosure
The Bioreactor Landfill
Landfill Reclamation
Questions
Exercise: Groundwater Quality at a Midwest
References
Suggested Readings
Part III Hazardous Waste Management
Identification of Hazardous Waste
Introduction
The RCRA Subtitles
Subtitle C: the Hazardous Waste Management Program
Definition of a Solid Waste
Generation of Hazardous Wastes
Questions
References
Suggested Readings and Web Sites
Hazardous Waste Generator Requirements
Introduction
Determining the Generator Category
Generator Types
Requirements for LQGs and SQGs
Requirements of CESQGs
Questions
Appendix: Hazardous Waste Management Scenarios
References
Suggested Readings and Web Sites
Hazardous Waste Transportation
Introduction
Modes of Hazardous Waste Transportation
Transportation Requirements
Emergency Response Information
Segregation
Hazardous Materials Incidents
Appendix: Hazardous Waste Management Scenarios
References
Suggested Readings
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility Requirements
Introduction
Subpart A—General issues Regarding Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
Subpart B—General Facility Standards
Subpart C—Preparedness and Prevention
Subpart D—Contingency Plan and Emergency Procedures
Subpart E—Manifest System, Record Keeping, and Reporting
Subpart F—Releases from Solid Waste Management Units
Subpart G—Closure and Postclosure
Closure Plan
Questions
Appendix: Hazardous Waste Management Scenarios
References
Suggested Readings and Web Sites
Incineration of Hazardous Wastes
Introduction
Combustion and its Residues
Overview of Regulatory Requirements
Combustion Standards under RCRA, Subpart O
Mact Standards under the CAA
Incineration Devices
Air Pollution and its Control
Questions
References
Suggested Readings
Hazardous Waste Treatment
Introduction
Land Disposal Restrictions
Waste Treatment Prior to Land Disposal
Questions
References
Suggested Readings
Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste
Introduction
The Land Disposal Restrictions Revisited
The Secure Landfill
Deep Well Injection of Hazardous Wastes
Questions
References
Suggested Readings
Part IV Special Categories of Waste
Universal Wastes
Introduction
Universal Wastes Defined
Categories of Universal Waste Handlers
Management of Universal Wastes
Response to Releases
Tracking Universal Waste Shipments
Small Quantity Handlers of Universal Waste
Universal Waste Transporters
Destination Facilities
Responsibility of the States
Questions
References
Further Readings and Web Sites
Management of Used Oil
Introduction
Production and Properties of Lubricating Oils
Chemical Composition of Used Motor Oil
Chemical and Physical Changes of Oil During Engine Operation
Potential Hazards with Used Oil
History of Used Oil Management
Requirements of the Used Oil Management Standards
Used Oil Recycling Methods
Disposal
Questions
Appendix: Scenarios
References
Suggested Readings
Medical and Infectious Wastes
Introduction
The Medical Waste Tracking Act
Definitions and Sources of Medical Waste
Management of Medical Wastes Prior To Transport
Facility Operations
Types of Medical Waste Incinerators
Modes of Incinerator Operation
Advantages and Disadvantages of Incineration
Microbial Inactivation
Questions
References
Suggested Readings
Construction and Demolition Debris
Introduction
Characteristics of C&D Debris
Management of C&D Debris
Management of Selected C&D Waste Components
Reduction of C&D Debris
Deconstruction
Hazardous Materials
Questions
References
Suggested Readings
Electronics Waste
Introduction
Major Types of Electronic Equipment
Questions
References
Suggested Readings and Web Sites
Part V Appendix
Biography
John Pichtel is a professor of natural resources and environmental management at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. He received his PhD in environmental science and his MS in soil chemistry/agronomy from The Ohio State University, and his BS in natural resources management from Rutgers University. His primary research and professional activities have been in management of hazardous and municipal wastes, remediation of contaminated sites, reclamation of mined lands, and environmental chemistry. He has authored or co-authored approximately 40 research articles. Pichtel has served as a consultant in hazardous waste management projects and has conducted environmental assessments and remediation research in the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Finland, and Poland.
"Using the key environmental headlines of the 1980s as the lead-in to discuss waste management issues, the author has provided an engaging discussion of the subject. By explaining uncommon terms in short and simple words the author has made the text appealing and understandable to both professional and novice."
––Dr Syed E Hasan, University of Missouri-Kansas City"I found Pichtel’s 2nd edition prepared with both practical and technical information, providing both breadth and depth knowledge for management of solid and hazardous waste. The book is comprehensive, starting with historical and regulatory background, and providing technical management knowledge for today’s solid and hazardous waste management challenges."
—Berrin Tansel, Florida International University
