1st Edition
Urban and Highway Stormwater Pollution Concepts and Engineering
As the world population grows, already burgeoning cities are becoming taxed in every conceivable way. One topic that receives few headlines, but significantly impacts an area’s quality of health and economic development is the challenge to maintain sustainable urban drainage (SUD). Poor drainage can hamper transportation, add to problems of pollution, and compromise essential clean water resources. While a number of references concentrate on the hydrology, hydraulics, and transport phenomena relevant for urban drainage, we must recognize that any solution requires a more comprehensive consideration of the problem.
Urban and Highway Stormwater Pollution: Concepts and Engineering offers a comprehensive text on wet weather pollution originating from urban drainage and road runoff. Bringing together the empirical and theoretical approaches needed to mitigate the problem, this volume:
- Provides a basic understanding of sources, pathways, and impacts of pollutants associated with wet weather hydrologic cycles occurring in areas with impervious or semi-impervious surfaces
- Examines wet weather pollutant discharges into streams, lakes, and coastal waters, as well as soil systems
- Details tools to quantify physical, chemical, and biological characteristics associated with wet weather pollution and methodologies for pollution abatement, control, and monitoring runoff
- Offers general methodologies and site-specific approaches to deal with stormwater runoff, road runoff, and sewer overflows
- Supplies reliable predictive tools and modeling methods
SUD is rapidly becoming a problem of crisis proportions; but while we must act quickly, any solution must be based on sound principles, accurate data, and proven methods. Written by top researchers with years of experience, this book offers those working at the front line with an accessible resource that helps ameliorate problem situations and prevent others from developing.
Fundamentals of Urban and Highway Stormwater Pollution
The Urban Hydrologic Cycle
Urban Drainage and Pollution: Basic Phenomena and Characteristics
Basic Pollutant Characteristics and Environmental Effects
Types and Performance of Urban Drainage Systems
Wet Weather Quality Modeling and Prediction
Urban Drainage in the Future
Pollution from Urban and Highway Wet Weather Flows: Concepts and Definitions
Rainfall Characteristics
Runoff Event Characteristics
Sources of Pollutants
Pollutant Variability
Statistical Concepts
Pollutant Characterization
Transport and Transformations: A Toolbox for Quality Assessment Within Urban Drainage
Toolbox Fundamentals
Characteristics of Constituents
Mass Balances
Physical Processes: Water and Mass Transport
Physicochemical Processes
Chemical Processes
Microbiological Processes
Plants and Eutrophication
Stormwater Runoff: Sources, Transport, and Loads of Pollutants
Atmospheric Constituents and Deposition
Snow Events: Pollutant Accumulation and Release
Stationary and Mobile Sources for Pollutants
Drainage Systems: Collection and Transport of Runoff Water
Pollutant Buildup and Wash-Off at Urban and Road Surfaces
Pollutant Concentrations and Loads
Combined Sewer Overflows: Characteristics, Pollutant Loads, and Controls
Overflow Structures and CSO Characteristics
CSO Pollutant Sources
Deposition, Erosion, and Transport of Sewer Solids
Extreme Event and Annual Load Calculations
Characteristic Pollutant Concentrations and Loads
Control of Combined Sewer Overflows
Effects of Combined Sewer Overflows and Runoff from Urban Areas and Roads
General Characteristics of Effects
Hydraulic Related Effects on Receiving Waters
Effects of Biodegradable Organic Matter
Effects of Nutrient Discharges
Pollutants with Toxic Effects
Effects of Pathogenic Microorganisms
Contamination of Soils and Groundwater
Experimental Methods and Data Acquisition within Urban Drainage
General Characteristics of Sampling, Monitoring, and Analysis
The Nature of Data
Measurement Programs
Measurement Programs in Practice
Urban Wet Weather Quality Management
The Nature of Urban Wet Weather Quality Management
Rainwater Harvesting and Water Sensitive Urban Design
Interactions between Sewers, Wastewater Treatment Plants, and Receiving Waters during Runoff Periods
Nonstructural Bmps
Climate Changes and Urban Runoff
Stormwater Pollution Control and Mitigation Methods
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characteristics of Pollutants Related to Treatment
Overview of Structural Types of Bmps
Pond Systems for Stormwater Treatment
Infiltration of Stormwater
Filters and Bioretention Systems
Constructed Wetlands
Swales and Filter Strips
Inlet Structures
Comparison of Pollutant Removal Performances of Bmps
Modeling of Wet Weather Water Quality
How to Model and Why Do It?
Types of Models for Transport and Transformation of Constituents
Types of Urban Drainage Models With Specific Characteristics
Legislation and Regulation
U.S. Regulations
European Union Legislation
Water Quality Criteria for Wet Weather Discharges
Water Quality Regulation for Wet Weather Discharges
Information and Technical Support
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
References and related websites and final notes found after most chapters
Biography
Thorkild Hvitved-Jacobsen, Jes Vollertseu, and Asbjorn Haauing Nielsen are with the Department of Environmental Engineering at Aalborg University in Denmark. Professor Hvitved-Jacobsen is the former head of the internationally respected Sewer Processes and Network Group and is responsible for building up the group over the past 20 years. He is one of the world’s leading authorities on wastewater process engineering of sewers and treatment plants and urban and highway runoff pollution.