1st Edition

The Physical Chemistry of Materials Energy and Environmental Applications

By Rolando M.A. Roque-Malherbe Copyright 2010
    528 Pages 326 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    522 Pages 326 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    In recent years, the area dealing with the physical chemistry of materials has become an emerging discipline in materials science that emphasizes the study of materials for chemical, sustainable energy, and pollution abatement applications. Written by an active researcher in this field, Physical Chemistry of Materials: Energy and Environmental Applications presents methods for synthesizing and characterizing adsorbents, ion exchangers, ionic conductors, heterogeneous catalysts, and permeable porous and dense materials. It also discusses their properties and applications.

    The book explores various examples of these important materials, including perovskites, zeolites, mesoporous molecular sieves, silica, alumina, active carbons, carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, clays, pillared clays, hydrotalcites, alkali metal titanates, titanium silicates, polymers, and coordination polymers. It shows how the materials are used in adsorption, ion conduction, ion exchange, gas separation, membrane reactors, catalysts, catalysts supports, sensors, pollution abatement, detergency, animal nourishment, agriculture, and sustainable energy applications.

    Rising pollution levels and the need for sustainable energy have necessitated new ways of using certain materials to combat these problems. Focusing on this emerging discipline, Physical Chemistry of Materials describes the methods of syntheses and characterization of adsorbents, ion exchangers, ionic conductors, catalysts, and permeable materials. It tackles key issues in materials science and physical chemistry.

    Materials Physics

    Introduction

    Crystallography

    Bloch Theorem

    Lattice Vibrations

    Electrons in Crystalline Solid Materials

    X-Ray Diffraction

    Dielectric Phenomena in Materials

    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

    Mössbauer Effect

    Structure of Adsorbents, Ion Exchangers, Ion Conductors, Catalysts, and Permeable Materials

    Introduction

    Transition Metal Catalysts

    Nonmetallic Catalysts

    Permeable Materials

    Crystalline and Ordered Nanoporous Adsorbents and Catalysts

    Ion-Exchange Crystalline Materials

    Amorphous Silica Adsorbents and Catalytic Supports

    Active Carbon and Other Carbon Forms as Adsorbents and Catalytic Supports

    Polymers

    Synthesis Methods of Catalyst Adsorbents, Ion Exchangers, and Permeable Materials

    Introduction

    Methods for the Preparation of Metallic-Supported Catalysts

    Synthesis of Inorganic Solids

    Synthesis of Microporous Crystalline Materials

    Synthesis of Ordered Silica Mesoporous Materials

    Active Carbon and Carbon Nanotube Preparation Methods

    Membrane Preparation Methods

    Polymer Synthesis

    Material Characterization Methods

    Introduction

    Application of XRD in Material Characterization

    Electron Microscopy

    Energy-Dispersive Analysis of X-Rays

    Infrared and Raman Spectrometries

    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry

    Thermal Methods of Analysis

    Dielectric Analysis Methods

    Mössbauer Spectrometry

    Mercury Porosimetry

    Magnetic Force in Nonuniform Fields: Phase Analysis Method

    Diffusion in Materials

    Introduction

    Fick’s Laws

    Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes

    Diffusion Coefficients

    Microscopic Description of Diffusion

    Some Diffusion Processes in Metals

    Diffusion in Oxides

    Diffusion in Porous Media

    Diffusion in Micropores

    Adsorption in Nanoporous Materials

    Introduction

    Definitions and Terminology

    Adsorption Interaction Fields

    Measurement of Adsorption Isotherms by the Volumetric Method

    Thermodynamics of Adsorption

    Systems for the Automatic Measurement of Surface Area and Porosity by the Volumetric Method

    Adsorption in Zeolites

    Adsorption in Nanoporous-Ordered and Amorphous Materials

    Howarth–Kawazoe Approach for the Description of Adsorption in Microporous Materials for the Slit, Cylindrical, and Spherical Pore Geometries

    Adsorption from Liquid Solutions

    Dynamic Adsorption: The Plug-Flow Adsorption Reactor

    Some Chemical, Sustainable Energy, and Pollution Abatement Applications of Nanoporous Adsorbents

    Porous Polymers as Adsorbents

    Ion Exchange

    Introduction

    Aluminosilicate Zeolite Ion Exchangers

    Some Definitions and Terms

    Thermodynamics of Ion Exchange

    Rules Governing the Ion-Exchange Equilibrium in Zeolites

    Ion-Exchange Heat

    Ion-Exchange Selectivity in Zeolites

    Ion-Exchange Kinetics

    Plug-Flow Ion-Exchange Bed Reactors

    Chemical and Pollution Abatement Applications of Ion Exchange in Zeolites

    Applications of Other Crystalline Inorganic Ion Exchangers

    Ion-Exchange Polymeric Resins

    Solid-State Electrochemistry

    Introduction

    Solid Electrolytes

    Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Processes

    Kinetics of Electrochemical Processes

    Fuel Cell Efficiency

    Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

    Sustainable Energy and Environmental Sensing Technology Applications of Solid-State Electrochemistry

    Heterogeneous Catalysis and Surface Reactions

    Introduction

    General Properties of Catalysts

    Crystalline and Ordered Nanoporous Heterogeneous Catalysts

    Amorphous, Porous Heterogeneous Catalysts and Supports

    Photocatalysts

    Kinetics of Surface Reactions

    Examples of Surface Reactions

    Packed Bed Plug-Flow Catalytic Reactor

    Chemical, Sustainable Energy, and Pollution Abatement Applications of Heterogeneous Catalysts

    Membranes

    Introduction

    Definitions and Nomenclature

    Permeability in Dense Membranes

    Permeation in Porous Membranes

    Zeolite-Based Ceramic Porous Membrane

    Chemical, Sustainable Energy, and Pollution Abatement Applications of Inorganic Membranes

    Examples of Polymeric Membranes

    Index

    References appear at the end of each chapter.

    Biography

    Rolando M.A. Roque-Malherbe is the director of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Applied Research at the University of Turabo in Puerto Rico.

    The structure of the book is coherent. Extensive equations, figures and references provide suitable complement to the text. The production quality allows the reader to understand the ideas with minimal confusion or difficulty. This book succeeds in being systematic and practical, and can be used as a great reference for science and engineering researchers or a textbook for university studies … Not only does this book summarize the classical theories under the discipline of physical chemistry of materials, but also exhibits their engineering applications in response to the currently urgent needs of energy and environmental issues.
    Materials Today, March 2010

    This useful, advanced course resource should interest graduate students in materials science, physics, engineering, or chemistry. … All chapters contain extensive, up-to-date, comprehensive bibliographies. There is an excellent balance between chapters on principles and chapters on specific applications; this balance makes the book attractive as a textbook. … Summing Up: Recommended.
    CHOICE, September 2010