Despite generations of change and recent, rapid developments in gas dynamics and hypersonic theory, relevant literature has yet to catch up, so those in the field are generally forced to rely on dated monographs to make educated decisions that reflect present-day science.
Written by preeminent Russian aerospace researcher Vladimir V. Lunev, Real Gas Flows with High Velocities reflects the most current concepts of high-velocity gas dynamics. For those in aviation and aerospace, this is a vital methodical revitalization and reassessment of real gas flows with regard to the physical and gasdynamic effects related to high-velocity flight, and, in particular, the entry of bodies into the atmosphere of Earth and other planets.
Much more than just a manual on gas physics, this book:
- Analyzes fundamental challenges associated with super- and subsonic flight
- Describes the physical properties of gas mixtures and their associated high-temperature processes from the phenomenological standpoint
- Explores use of computational mathematics and equipment to simplify previously unsolvable problems of inviscid and viscous gas dynamics
- Explains why numerical methods remain inferior to analytical methods for creating a conceptual understanding of gas dynamic and other physical problems
Avoiding older, cumbersome approximate methods, this reference outlines the general patterns and features of typical flows and how real gas affects them. Referencing simple, analytically treatable examples, similarity laws, and asymptotic analysis, the author omits superfluous explanation of reasoning. This valuable reference summarizes general theory of super- and subsonic flow and uses practical problems to develop a solid understanding of modern real-gas flows and high-velocity gas dynamics.
Gasdynamic Model and Equations
Outline of the Gasdynamic Model
Basic Equations and Postulates
Equations of State
Kinetic Theory
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Speed of Sound
Integral Equations of Motion
Kinematics of Fluid Media
Differential Equations of Gasdynamics
Rheological Model
Initial and Boundary Conditions
Similarity and Modeling in Gasdynamics
Euler Equations
Navier-Stokes Equations
Turbulent Flows
Viscous and Inviscid Flow Models
Inviscid Gasdynamics
Stream Function, Potential, and Vortex
Integrals of Gasdynamic Equations
One-Dimensional Stationary Flows
Linear Equations of Gas Dynamics
Sound Wave Propagation
Nonlinear Effects
Steady Flow Past Thin Bodies
Thin Bodies in Supersonic Flow
Subsonic Flow Past Thin Bodies
Flow around Cylinder and Sphere
Stagnation Points and Singular Lines
Forces in Subsonic Flows
Aerodynamic Characteristics
Accelerated Motion of Bodies
Shock Waves
Introduction: Formulation of Problems
Shock Wave Structure
Normal Shocks in Perfect Gases
Shock Waves in Normal Gases
Oblique Shocks
Losses across Shock Waves
Piston and Wedge Problems
Theory of Characteristics
Formulation of the Problem
One-dimensional Unsteady Flows
Steady-state two-dimensional Flows
Three-dimensional Flows
Simple Waves
Expansion and Compression Waves
Disturbances in Non-uniform Media
Interaction of Sound and Shock Waves
Breakdown of an Arbitrary Discontinuity
Disturbances in Thin Layers
Shock Front Equation
Waves in Anomalous Media
Mixed, Subsonic-supersonic Flows
Formation of Mixed Flows
Von Kàrmàn and Chaplygin Equations
Formulation of Gasdynamic Problems
Supersonic Flow Past Blunt Bodies
Nozzle and Jet Flows
Subsonic Flow Past a Convex Corner
Disturbance/Subsonic Region Interaction
Existence of steady-state solutions
Self-similar Solutions
Basic Concepts
Cone in Incompressible Flow
Transonic Problems
Cone in Supersonic Flow
Conical Flows
Cone at Incidence
Delta Wing in a Supersonic Flow
Strong Blast
Blast in Real Gases
Self-similar Dissipative Flows
Flows with Strong Shocks
Hypersonic Stabilization
Busemann and Newton formulas
Blunt Bodies
Aerodynamic Characteristics
Free Layer
Piston Problem
Truncation Series Method
Flow in the Near-Axis Region
Variable-Density Flow
Thin Shock Layers
Flow around Conical Bodies
Counter Jet
Degenerate Shock Layer Equations
Thin Sharp Bodies in Hypersonic Flow
Nonlinear Theory
Time-dependent Analogy
Integral Conservation Laws
Similarity Law
Flow around Thin Bodies
Thin Bodies at High Incidence
Time-dependent Flows
Flows Past Thin Blunt Bodies
General Flow Pattern
Similarity Law and Blast Analogy
Real Gas Effects
Flow Past Blunt Cones
Bodies of Revolution at Incidence
Wings with Blunt Edges
Wings with Blunt Noses
3-D Vortex Flows
Nonunifrom Flow Past a Cylinder
Relaxing Gas Models
Formulation of the Problem
Basic Postulates
Equations of State for Gas Mixtures
Limiting Flow Regimes
Gas Composition and Basic Reactions
Entropy and Equilibrium Conditions
Boltzmann Distribution
Equilibrium Reactions and Composition
Reaction Rates
Relaxation of Complex Systems
Relaxation-reaction Interaction
Relaxation of the Electron Temperature
Conclusion
Nonequilibrium gas flows
Equations of Nonequilibrium Flows
Limiting Flow Regimes
Limiting speeds of sound
Disturbances in Nonequilibrium Gases
Shock Waves and Relaxation Zones
Short Waves
Viscosity-relaxation Analogy
Stationary Waves in Relaxing Media
The Law of Binary Similarity
Nonequilibrium flows Past Bodies
Nozzle and Jet Flows
Thermal Rarefaction Waves
Sublimation Waves
Viscous Flows and Boundary Layers
Equations for Viscous Flows
Exact Solutions
Parabolized Navier-Stokes Equations
Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate
Parabolization of the Equations
Boundary Layer in a Compressible Gas
Models of Turbulent Flows
Boundary Layer on Blunt Bodies
Viscous-inviscid Interaction
Boundary Layer in a Nonunifrom Flow
Method of Mass-average Parameters
Boundary Layer on Thin Sharp Bodies
Entropy Effect on Blunt Bodies
Flows in Viscous Layers
Three-dimensional Boundary Layer
Viscous Flows of Multicomponent Gases
Nonequilibrium Dissipative Flows
Nonequilibrium Boundary and Viscous Layers
Transport Coefficients of Individual Components
Radiating gasdynamics
Physics of Gas Radiation
Radiating and Absorbing Jets
Flows of Intensely Radiating Gases
Nonequilibrium Radiating Gases
Bibliography
Biography
Vladimir V. Lunev
