1st Edition
Circuit Design Techniques for Non-Crystalline Semiconductors
Despite significant progress in materials and fabrication technologies related to non-crystalline semiconductors, fundamental drawbacks continue to limit real-world application of these devices in electronic circuits. To help readers deal with problems such as low mobility and intrinsic time variant behavior, Circuit Design Techniques for Non-Crystalline Semiconductors outlines a systematic design approach, including circuit theory, enabling users to synthesize circuits without worrying about the details of device physics.
This book:
- Offers examples of how self-assembly can be used as a powerful tool in circuit synthesis
- Covers theory, materials, techniques, and applications
- Provides starting threads for new research
This area of research is particularly unique since it employs a range of disciplines including materials science, chemistry, mechanical engineering and electrical engineering. Recent progress in complementary polymer semiconductors and fabrication techniques such as ink-jet printing has opened doors to new themes and ideas. The book focuses on the central problem of threshold voltage shift and concepts related to navigating this issue when using non-crystalline semiconductors in electronic circuit design. Designed to give the non-electrical engineer a clear, simplified overview of fundamentals and tools to facilitate practical application, this book highlights design roadblocks and provides models and possible solutions for achieving successful circuit synthesis.
Fundamentals
Resistor-Capacitor Circuits
The Four Primary Circuit Elements
Resistor
Capacitor
Series Resistor-Capacitor (RC) Circuit
Charge Sharing between Capacitors
Filtering Property of RC Circuits
Impedance of the RC Circuit
Fundamentals of Semiconductor Devices
Energy Levels and Energy Bands
Metals, Semiconductors, Insulators
Semiconductor Fundamentals
Semiconductor Junctions
Metal-Semiconductor Junction
p-n Junction
Transistors
Circuit Analysis of MOSFET Circuits
MOSFET Operation and its Impact in Circuit Design
Small Signal Analysis of MOSFET Circuits
High Frequency Response of MOSFET Circuits
Noise in Circuits
Non-Crystalline Semiconductors
Non-Crystalline Semiconductors
Introduction to Non{Crystalline Semiconductors
Structure and Electronic Transport
Thin Film Transistors
Device Physics of Thin Film Transistors
Density of States in Non-Crystalline Semiconductors
Device Physics of TFTs
Transfer Characteristics of the TFT
Mobility
Threshold Voltage Shift
Modeling Threshold Voltage Shift for Circuit Design
Constant Gate Bias
Removal of Gate Bias
Variable Gate Bias
Thin Film Transistor Circuits and Applications
Transistor as a Switch
Transistor Biasing for Switch Operation
On Resistance
Off Resistance
Switching Time
Parasitics
Diode Connected Transistor
Circuit Con_guration and Operation
Applications
Basic Circuits
Analog and Digital Circuits
Current Mirrors
Voltage Amplifiers
Digital Inverter
Ring Oscillators
Static Random Access Memories
Logic Gates
Shift Registers
Large-Area Electronic Systems
Large-area Electronic Systems
Displays
Sensors
Compensation Circuits for Displays
Compensating for Threshold Voltage Shift
Voltage Programmed Compensation Circuits
Current Programmed Compensation Circuits
Other Compensation Circuits for Display Applications
Self Compensation of Threshold Voltage Shift
The Dancing House Analogy
Graphical Representation of a TFT
Simple TFT circuits as Node Diagrams
Paradigm for Circuit Synthesis
Building Blocks
Extending the Design Paradigm
Examples
Case Study— Pseudo PMOS Field Effect Transistor
Role of Complementary Devices
High Impedance Load with a Non-Complementary Process
Appendix
Appendix— Derivation of the Threshold Voltage Shift Model
State Space Form of Charge Trapping
Solving for nf (t) and ns(t)
Threshold Voltage Shift
Generalisations
Biography
Sanjiv Sambandan is an assistant professor at the Flexible Electronics Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science. Prior to this, he worked on large-area electronic systems on mechanically flexible substrates at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.
"Macroelectronics has elicited much excitement in the past 10 years. There is however a clear disconnect between people who study materials or single devices and engineers who try to design circuits with these devices ... This is the first book I have seen where these issues are addressed explicitly. The author provides a few insights on strategies but in addition with the information contained in this book, practitioners have all the tools they need to come-up with designs and strategies of their own ... This book will be very useful to anyone who wants to take devices made with new non-crystalline semiconductors out of the lab and into the world of applications."
--Alberto Salleo, Stanford University
"…a well-organized reference that would be helpful to experts and students in the field of large-area electronics. The topics discussed could be used in a wide range of applications from conventional thin-film transistors to printed electronics."
--William S. Wong, University of Waterloo