1st Edition

Circuit Design Techniques for Non-Crystalline Semiconductors

By Sanjiv Sambandan Copyright 2013
    264 Pages 99 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    264 Pages 99 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Despite significant progress in materials and fabrication technologies related to non-crystalline semiconductors, fundamental drawbacks continue to limit real-world application of these devices in electronic circuits. To help readers deal with problems such as low mobility and intrinsic time variant behavior, Circuit Design Techniques for Non-Crystalline Semiconductors outlines a systematic design approach, including circuit theory, enabling users to synthesize circuits without worrying about the details of device physics.

    This book:

    • Offers examples of how self-assembly can be used as a powerful tool in circuit synthesis
    • Covers theory, materials, techniques, and applications
    • Provides starting threads for new research


    This area of research is particularly unique since it employs a range of disciplines including materials science, chemistry, mechanical engineering and electrical engineering. Recent progress in complementary polymer semiconductors and fabrication techniques such as ink-jet printing has opened doors to new themes and ideas. The book focuses on the central problem of threshold voltage shift and concepts related to navigating this issue when using non-crystalline semiconductors in electronic circuit design. Designed to give the non-electrical engineer a clear, simplified overview of fundamentals and tools to facilitate practical application, this book highlights design roadblocks and provides models and possible solutions for achieving successful circuit synthesis.

    Fundamentals

    Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

    The Four Primary Circuit Elements

    Resistor

    Capacitor

    Series Resistor-Capacitor (RC) Circuit

    Charge Sharing between Capacitors

    Filtering Property of RC Circuits

    Impedance of the RC Circuit


    Fundamentals of Semiconductor Devices

    Energy Levels and Energy Bands

    Metals, Semiconductors, Insulators

    Semiconductor Fundamentals

    Semiconductor Junctions

    Metal-Semiconductor Junction

    p-n Junction

    Transistors


    Circuit Analysis of MOSFET Circuits

    MOSFET Operation and its Impact in Circuit Design

    Small Signal Analysis of MOSFET Circuits

    High Frequency Response of MOSFET Circuits

    Noise in Circuits

     

    Non-Crystalline Semiconductors

    Non-Crystalline Semiconductors

    Introduction to Non{Crystalline Semiconductors

    Structure and Electronic Transport

    Thin Film Transistors


    Device Physics of Thin Film Transistors

    Density of States in Non-Crystalline Semiconductors

    Device Physics of TFTs

    Transfer Characteristics of the TFT

    Mobility

    Threshold Voltage Shift


    Modeling Threshold Voltage Shift for Circuit Design

    Constant Gate Bias

    Removal of Gate Bias

    Variable Gate Bias

     

    Thin Film Transistor Circuits and Applications

    Transistor as a Switch

    Transistor Biasing for Switch Operation

    On Resistance

    Off Resistance

    Switching Time

    Parasitics


    Diode Connected Transistor

    Circuit Con_guration and Operation

    Applications


    Basic Circuits

    Analog and Digital Circuits

    Current Mirrors

    Voltage Amplifiers

    Digital Inverter

    Ring Oscillators

    Static Random Access Memories

    Logic Gates

    Shift Registers


    Large-Area Electronic Systems

    Large-area Electronic Systems

    Displays

    Sensors


    Compensation Circuits for Displays

    Compensating for Threshold Voltage Shift

    Voltage Programmed Compensation Circuits

    Current Programmed Compensation Circuits

    Other Compensation Circuits for Display Applications


    Self Compensation of Threshold Voltage Shift

    The Dancing House Analogy

    Graphical Representation of a TFT

    Simple TFT circuits as Node Diagrams

    Paradigm for Circuit Synthesis

    Building Blocks

    Extending the Design Paradigm

    Examples


    Case Study— Pseudo PMOS Field Effect Transistor

    Role of Complementary Devices

    High Impedance Load with a Non-Complementary Process

     

    Appendix

    Appendix— Derivation of the Threshold Voltage Shift Model

    State Space Form of Charge Trapping

    Solving for nf (t) and ns(t)

    Threshold Voltage Shift

    Generalisations

    Biography

    Sanjiv Sambandan is an assistant professor at the Flexible Electronics Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science. Prior to this, he worked on large-area electronic systems on mechanically flexible substrates at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.

    "Macroelectronics has elicited much excitement in the past 10 years. There is however a clear disconnect between people who study materials or single devices and engineers who try to design circuits with these devices ... This is the first book I have seen where these issues are addressed explicitly. The author provides a few insights on strategies but in addition with the information contained in this book, practitioners have all the tools they need to come-up with designs and strategies of their own ... This book will be very useful to anyone who wants to take devices made with new non-crystalline semiconductors out of the lab and into the world of applications."
    --Alberto Salleo, Stanford University

    "…a well-organized reference that would be helpful to experts and students in the field of large-area electronics. The topics discussed could be used in a wide range of applications from conventional thin-film transistors to printed electronics."
    --William S. Wong, University of Waterloo