1st Edition

Applied Math for Water Plant Operators

By Joanne K. Price Copyright 1991

    With many worked examples, this book provides a step-by-step training manual for water treatment calculations. It presents all the fundamental math concepts and skills needed for daily water treatment plant operations. The text covers volume, flow and velocity, milligrams per liter to pounds per day, loading rate, detention and retention times, efficiency pumping, water sources and storage, coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination, fluoridation, and softening. The workbook for this book can be purchased separately or together in the Applied Math for Water Plant Operators Set (ISBN: 9781566769884).

    Dedication

    Preface To The Second Edition

    Acknowledgments

    How To Use These Books

    Applied Volume Calculations

    Tank volume calculations

    Channel or pipeline volume calculations

    Other volume calculations

    Flow and Velocity Calculations

    Instantaneous flow rates

    Velocity calculations

    Average flow rates

    Flow conversions

    Milligrams per Liter to Pounds per Day Calculations

    Chemical dosage calculations

    Loading calculations—BOD, COD, and SS

    BOD and SS Removal

    Pounds of solids under aeration

    WAS pumping rate calculations

    Loading Rate Calculations

    Hydraulic loading rate

    Surface overflow rate

    Filtration rate

    Backwash rate

    Unit filter run volume

    Weir overflow rate

    Organic loading rate

    Food/microorganism ratio

    Solids loading rate

    Digester loading rate

    Digester volatile solids loading

    Population loading and population equivalent

    Detention and Retention Times Calculations

    Digestion time

    Sludge age

    Solids retention time (also called MCRT)

    Efficiency and Other Percent Calculations

    Unit process efficiency

    Percent solids and sludge pumping rate

    Mixing different percent solids sludges

    Percent volatile solids

    Percent seed sludge

    Percent strength of a solution

    Mixing different percent strength solutions

    Pump and motor efficiency calculations

    Pumping Calculations

    Density and specific gravity

    Pressure and force

    Head and head loss

    Horsepower

    Pump capacity

    Water Sources and Storage

    Well drawdown

    Well yield

    Specific yield

    Well chasing disinfection

    Deep-well turbine pump calculations

    Pond or small lake storage capacity

    Copper sulfate dosing

    Coagulation and Flocculation

    Chamber or basin volume

    Detention time

    Chemical feed setting—Dry feed, lbs/day

    Chemical feed setting—Solution feed, gpd

    Chemical feed setting—Solution feed, mL/min

    Percent strength of solutions

    Mixing solutions of different strength

    Dry chemical feeder calibration

    Solution chemical feeder calibration

    Given mL/min or gpd flow rate

    Given drop in solution tank level

    Chemical use calculations

    Sedimentation

    Tank volume

    Detention time

    Surface overflow rate

    Mean flow velocity

    Weir loading rate

    Percent settled sludge (V/V Test)

    Lime dose required, mg/L

    Lime dose required, lbs/day

    Lime dose required, g/min

    Filtration

    Flow rate through a filter

    Filtration rate, gpm/sq ft

    Unit filter run volume (UFRV), gal/sq ft

    Backwash rate, gpm/sq ft

    Volume of backwash water required, gal

    Required depth of backwash water tank, ft

    Backwash pumping rate, gpm

    Percent of product water used for backwashing

    Percent mud ball volume

    Chlorination

    Chlorine feed rate

    Chlorine dose, demand and residual

    Dry hypochlorite feed rate

    Hypochlorite solution feed rate

    Percent strength of solutions

    Mixing hypochlorite solutions

    Chemical use calculations

    Fluoridation

    Methods of expressing concentration

    Percent fluoride ion in a compound

    Calculating dry feed rate of a fluoride compound

    Percent strength of a solution

    Fluoride solution feed rate calculations

    Feed rates using charts and nomographs

    Calculating mg/L fluoride dosage

    Solution mixtures

    Softening

    Equivalent weight

    Hardness, as CaCo3

    Carbonate and noncarbonate hardness

    Phenolphthalein and total alkalinity

    Bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxide alkalinity

    Lime dosage for softening

    Soda ash dosage for removal of noncarbonate hardness

    Carbon dioxide required for recarbonation

    Chemical feeder settings

    Expressions of hardness—mg/L and gpg

    Ion exchange capacity

    Water treatment capacity

    Operating time (until regeneration is required)

    Salt and brine required for regeneration

    Laboratory

    Estimating flow from a faucet

    Service line flushing time

    Solution concentration

    Estimated chlorine residual

    Temperature

    Biography

    Joanne K. Price