With many worked examples, this book provides a step-by-step training manual for water treatment calculations. It presents all the fundamental math concepts and skills needed for daily water treatment plant operations. The text covers volume, flow and velocity, milligrams per liter to pounds per day, loading rate, detention and retention times, efficiency pumping, water sources and storage, coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination, fluoridation, and softening. The workbook for this book can be purchased separately or together in the Applied Math for Water Plant Operators Set (ISBN: 9781566769884).
Dedication
Preface To The Second Edition
Acknowledgments
How To Use These Books
Applied Volume Calculations
Tank volume calculations
Channel or pipeline volume calculations
Other volume calculations
Flow and Velocity Calculations
Instantaneous flow rates
Velocity calculations
Average flow rates
Flow conversions
Milligrams per Liter to Pounds per Day Calculations
Chemical dosage calculations
Loading calculations—BOD, COD, and SS
BOD and SS Removal
Pounds of solids under aeration
WAS pumping rate calculations
Loading Rate Calculations
Hydraulic loading rate
Surface overflow rate
Filtration rate
Backwash rate
Unit filter run volume
Weir overflow rate
Organic loading rate
Food/microorganism ratio
Solids loading rate
Digester loading rate
Digester volatile solids loading
Population loading and population equivalent
Detention and Retention Times Calculations
Digestion time
Sludge age
Solids retention time (also called MCRT)
Efficiency and Other Percent Calculations
Unit process efficiency
Percent solids and sludge pumping rate
Mixing different percent solids sludges
Percent volatile solids
Percent seed sludge
Percent strength of a solution
Mixing different percent strength solutions
Pump and motor efficiency calculations
Pumping Calculations
Density and specific gravity
Pressure and force
Head and head loss
Horsepower
Pump capacity
Water Sources and Storage
Well drawdown
Well yield
Specific yield
Well chasing disinfection
Deep-well turbine pump calculations
Pond or small lake storage capacity
Copper sulfate dosing
Coagulation and Flocculation
Chamber or basin volume
Detention time
Chemical feed setting—Dry feed, lbs/day
Chemical feed setting—Solution feed, gpd
Chemical feed setting—Solution feed, mL/min
Percent strength of solutions
Mixing solutions of different strength
Dry chemical feeder calibration
Solution chemical feeder calibration
Given mL/min or gpd flow rate
Given drop in solution tank level
Chemical use calculations
Sedimentation
Tank volume
Detention time
Surface overflow rate
Mean flow velocity
Weir loading rate
Percent settled sludge (V/V Test)
Lime dose required, mg/L
Lime dose required, lbs/day
Lime dose required, g/min
Filtration
Flow rate through a filter
Filtration rate, gpm/sq ft
Unit filter run volume (UFRV), gal/sq ft
Backwash rate, gpm/sq ft
Volume of backwash water required, gal
Required depth of backwash water tank, ft
Backwash pumping rate, gpm
Percent of product water used for backwashing
Percent mud ball volume
Chlorination
Chlorine feed rate
Chlorine dose, demand and residual
Dry hypochlorite feed rate
Hypochlorite solution feed rate
Percent strength of solutions
Mixing hypochlorite solutions
Chemical use calculations
Fluoridation
Methods of expressing concentration
Percent fluoride ion in a compound
Calculating dry feed rate of a fluoride compound
Percent strength of a solution
Fluoride solution feed rate calculations
Feed rates using charts and nomographs
Calculating mg/L fluoride dosage
Solution mixtures
Softening
Equivalent weight
Hardness, as CaCo3
Carbonate and noncarbonate hardness
Phenolphthalein and total alkalinity
Bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxide alkalinity
Lime dosage for softening
Soda ash dosage for removal of noncarbonate hardness
Carbon dioxide required for recarbonation
Chemical feeder settings
Expressions of hardness—mg/L and gpg
Ion exchange capacity
Water treatment capacity
Operating time (until regeneration is required)
Salt and brine required for regeneration
Laboratory
Estimating flow from a faucet
Service line flushing time
Solution concentration
Estimated chlorine residual
Temperature
Biography
Joanne K. Price