Core level spectroscopy has become a powerful tool in the study of electronic states in solids. From fundamental aspects to the most recent developments, Core Level Spectroscopy of Solids presents the theoretical calculations, experimental data, and underlying physics of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES).
Starting with the basic aspects of core level spectroscopy, the book explains the many-body effects in XPS and XAS as well as several theories. After forming this foundation, the authors explore more advanced features of XPS, XAS, XMCD, and RXES. Topics discussed include hard XPS, resonant photoemission, spin polarization, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). The authors also use the charge transfer multiplet theory to interpret core level spectroscopy for transition metal and rare earth metal systems.
Pioneers in the theoretical and experimental developments of this field, Frank de Groot and Akio Kotani provide an invaluable treatise on the numerous aspects of core level spectroscopy that involve solids.
FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF CORE LEVEL SPECTROSCOPIES
Core holes
Overview of core level spectroscopies
Interaction of x-rays with matter
Optical transition operators and x-ray absorption spectrum
The interaction of electrons with matter
X-ray sources
Electron sources
MANY-BODY CHARGE-TRANSFER EFFECTS IN XPS AND XAS
Introduction
Many-body charge-transfer effects in XPS
General expressions of many-body effects
General effects in XPS spectra
Typical examples of XPS spectra
Many-body charge-transfer effects in XAS
Comparison of XPS and XAS
CHARGE TRANSFER MULTIPLET THEORY
Atomic multiplet theory
Ligand field multiplet theory
The charge transfer multiplet theory
X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction
Experimental aspects
XPS of TM compounds
XPS of RE compounds
Resonant photoemission spectroscopy
Hard XPS
Resonant inverse photoemission spectroscopy
Nonlocal screening effect in XPS
Auger photoemission coincidence spectroscopy
Spin polarization and magnetic dichroism in XPS
X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
Basics of XAS
Experimental aspects
The L2, 3 edges of 3d TM systems
Other x-ray absorption spectra of the 3d TM systems
X-ray absorption spectra of the 4d and 5d TM systems
X-ray absorption spectra of the 4f RE and 5f actinide systems
X-RAY MAGNETIC CIRCULAR DICHROISM
Introduction
XMCD effects in the L2, 3 edges of TM ions and compounds
Sum rules
XMCD effects in the K edges of transition metals
XMCD effects in the M edges of rare earths
XMCD effects in the L edges of rare earth systems
Applications of XMCD
RESONANT X-RAY EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction
Rare earth compounds
High Tc Cuprates and related materials
Nickel and Cobalt compounds
Iron and Manganese compounds
Early transition metal compounds
Electron spin states detected by RXES and NXES
MCD in RXES of ferromagnetic systems
APPENDICES
Precise derivation of XPS formula
Derivation of Eq. (88) in Chapter 3
Fundamental tensor theory
Derivation of the orbital moment sum rule
Theoretical test of the spin sum rule
Calculations of XAS spectra with single electron excitation models
REFERENCES
INDEX
Biography
Frank de Groot, Akio Kotani