1st Edition
Exposure to Contaminants in Drinking Water Estimating Uptake through the Skin and by Inhalation
Exposure to Contaminants in Drinking Water: Estimating Uptake through the Skin and by Inhalation examines the current state of science in this field by identifying and reviewing the available information resources; evaluating various models and approaches; and demonstrating the feasibility of developing estimates of the distribution of absorbed doses of contaminants in drinking water through contact with the skin and by inhalation. This book, the product of a fifteen-member expert working group convened by the Risk Science Institute of the International Life Sciences Institute under a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Water, includes contributions from experts in exposure modeling and measurement; water chemistry; time-activity patterns; dermal and respiratory uptake; and the use of probability distributions in characterizing exposures.
Contaminant Characteristics, D.A. Reckhow and S.S. Olin
Physical and Chemical Parameters
The Contaminants
Exposure Characteristics, T. Johnson, P.J. Hakkinen, and D.A. Reckhow
Demographics
Water Consumption and Time/Activity Data
Building Characteristics
Water Source Characteristics
Developing Exposure Estimates, N. Chiu, C. Davidson, J.C. Little, S.N. Pandis, C.P. Weisel, and C.R. Wilkes
Vapors and Gases
Aerosols and Water Droplets
Water (Direct Contact)
Modeling of Exposure to Waterborne Contaminants
Respiratory Uptake, R.R. Mercer
Regions of the Respiratory Tract
Models for Assessing Respiratory Dosimetry
Sources of Airborne Drinking Water Toxicants
Physiologic and Pharmacokinetic Factors
Model Estimates of Lung Toxicant Uptake
Dermal Uptake, A.L. Bunge and J.N. McDougal
Barrier Properties
Skin Penetration Data
Mathematical Models of Penetration
Recommendations of Experimental Methods for Water Exposures
Recommendations for Use of Penetration Data for Risk Assessments
Case Studies, C.R. Wilkes
Modeled Residence
Activity Patterns
Water Uses
Modeling Contaminant Emissions During Household Uses
Modeling Absorbed Dose
Results
Conclusions
Biography
Risk Science Institute International Life Sciences Institute Washington, D.C.
"This book is currently the most comprehensive and authoritative treatise on such exposure."
-M. Kroger,Choice, June 1999
