1st Edition

Photodegradation of Water Pollutants

By Martin M. Halmann Copyright 1995
    318 Pages
    by CRC Press

    Photodegradation of Water Pollutants, the only complete survey available of current photocatalytic methods for treating water pollutants, covers all aspects of light-stimulated detoxification. Ideal for researchers and students, this new book explains methods for pollution treatment that have proven more effective than conventional biodegradation.
    Photodegradation of Water Pollutants examines advanced oxidation processes that have been successful in treating the chemical substances produced by industrial effluents and intensive agriculture. These oxidation processes include irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light, the use of homogenous sensitizers, such as dyes, and the use of heterogeneous photocatalysts, such as dispersed semiconductors.
    In addition, Photodegradation of Water Pollutants addresses the naturally occurring self-cleaning of some pollutants in sunlit surface waters, as well as several alternative non-photochemical approaches to water treatment. Available treatment options are discussed for the main groups of water pollutants, including toxic inorganic ions (cyanides, heavy metals), hydrocarbon derivatives (oil spills, surfactants, pulp and paper wastes), halocarbons, organo-N, organo-P, and organo-S compounds. The text also contains a unique section on the economics of advanced oxidation pollution treatments.

    Introduction: Advanced Oxidation Processes. Mechanisms: eaq-, 102, .OH and Peroyxy Radicals. Sensitized Excitation. Semiconductor Promoted Photooxidation. Experimental Techniques.
    Inorganic Ions and Molecules: Water and Hydrogen Peroxide. Halide Ions. Nitrogen Compounds. Phosphorus Oxyanions. Sulfur Oxyanions and Sulfide. Heavy Metal Ions. Organo-Metallic Compounds.
    Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Aliphatic Compounds. Aromatic and Other Cyclic Compounds. Long-Chain Compounds. Photo-induced Nitrosation and Nitration.
    Halocarbons: Aliphatic Halocarbons. Aromatic and Other Cyclic Compounds.
    Organic Nitrogen Compounds: Triazines. Amines, Amides, and Carbamates. Nitrobenzene and Nitrophenols. Bromoxynil and Choroxynil. Thymine. Triclopyr. Fenarimol. Flavins. Catecholamines. Dyes. Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles.
    Organic Phosphorus Compounds: Homogenous Photolysis. Heterogenous Photodegradation.
    Organic Sulfur Compounds
    Natural and Waste Waters: Natural Transformations in Freshwater and Oceans. Treatment of Polluted Groundwater. Treatment of Waste Water. Photodynamic Sterilization. Concentrated Sunlight.
    Evaluation and Future Trends: Photodegradation Compared with Other Methods. Cost estimates, Energetics, and Conclusions.
    References
    Index


    THis TOC has 3 levels:

    Introduction
    Advanced Oxidation Processes
    Mechanisms: eaq-, 102, .OH and Peryoxy Radicals
    Sensitized Excitation
    Semiconductor-Promoted Photooxidation
    Primary Reaction Steps
    Kinetic Models
    Role of Oxygen
    Direct and Indirect Photodegradations
    Zeta Potentials and Surface Properties
    Catalyst Preparations
    Surface Density of OH Groups in TiO2 Particles
    Quantum Yields and Turnover Numbers
    Experimental Techniques
    Reactor Design
    Laser and Excimer Light Sources
    Light-Dark Cycling
    Concentrated Sunlight
    Photoelectrochemical Reactions
    Inorganic Ions and Molecules
    Water and Hydrogen Peroxide
    Halide Ions
    Nitrogen Compounds
    Phosphorus Oxyanions
    Sulfur Oxyanions and Sulfide
    Heavy Metal Ions
    Organo-Metallic Compounds
    Hydrocarbon Derivatives
    Aliphatic Compounds
    Homogenous Photolysis
    Heterogenous Photodegradation
    Aromatic and Other Cyclic Compounds
    Homogenous Photolysis
    Heterogenous Photodegradation
    Oil Spills
    Long-Chain Compounds
    Surfactants
    Lignin Sulfonates and Kraft Wastewater
    Phthalate Esters
    Polymers
    Photoinduced Nitrosation and Nitration
    Halocarbons
    Aliphatic Halocarbons
    Aromatic and Other Cyclic Halocarbons
    Haloaromatics
    Halogenophenols
    Polychlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls
    Halocarbon Pesticides
    Organic Nitrogen Compounds
    s-Triazines
    Amines, Amides, and Carbamates
    Nitrobenzene and Nitrophenols
    Bromoxynil and Chloroxynil
    Thymine
    Triclopyr
    Fenarimol
    Flavins
    Catecholamines
    Dyes
    Azo Dyes
    Tannery Dyes
    Dyes in Municipal Wastewater
    Methyl Violet
    Methyl Viologen
    Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles
    Organic Phosphorus Compounds
    Homogenous Photolysis
    Heterogenous Photodegradation
    Organic Sulfur Compounds
    Natural and Waste Waters
    Natural Transformations in Freshwater and Oceans
    Treatment of Polluted Groundwater
    Treatment of Wastewater
    Photodynamic Sterilization
    Concentrated Sunlight
    Evaluation and Future Trends
    Photodegradation Compared with Other Methods
    Ozonation
    Biodegradation
    Radiolysis
    Ultrasonics
    Corona Discharge
    Electrochemical Oxidation
    Oxidation in Supercritical Water
    Cost Estimates, Energetics, and Conclusions
    Cost Estimates
    Energy Requirement Evaluation
    Future Trends
    References
    Index

    Biography

    Martin M. Halmann