Seismic Performance of Asymmetric Building Structures

Abstract
Acknowledgements 
Table of Contents 
List of Figures 
List of Tables 
Abbreviations 
Principal Notations

1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction and background 
1.2 Challenges addressed in this book 
1.3 Objectives of this book 
1.4 Methodology adopted to address the described challenges 
1.4.1 Experimental work 
1.4.2 Numerical investigation 
1.5 Outline of the work 

2 Background
2.1 Introduction 
2.2 Research on single-storey asymmetric structures 
2.3 Research on multi-storey asymmetric structures 
2.4 Research based on development of analysis procedure for asymmetric structures 
2.5 Experimental work on asymmetric structures 
2.6 Seismic design provisions for asymmetric structures 
2.7 Influence of seismic excitation characteristics 
2.8 Research based on damage/failure assessment of asymmetric structures 
2.8.1 Damage in plan-asymmetric structures 
2.8.2 Damage in vertical-asymmetric structures 
2.8.3 Damage assessment based on shake table testing 
2.8.4 Applications of FBG strain sensors for damage assessment 
2.8.5 Research gap in terms of damage assessment in asymmetric structures 
2.8.6 Research gap in terms of global behavior of asymmetric structures 
2.9 Summary 

3 Experimental Strategy and Seismic Loading Program
3.1 Introduction 
3.2 Experimental models 
3.2.1 RC model: C-1 
3.2.2 Steel model: S-1 
3.2.3 Steel model: S-2 
3.2.4 Steel model: S-3 
3.2.5 Steel model: S-4 
3.3 Eccentricity variation in the experimental models 
3.3.1 Variation of floor-eccentricity in RC model 
3.3.2 Variation of eccentricity in steel models 
3.4 Design of the experimental models 
3.4.1 Design of RC model 
3.4.2 Design of steel models 
3.5 Material and geometric details of the experimental models 
3.5.1 Material and geometric details of RC model 
3.5.2 Material and geometric details of steel models 
3.6 Instrumentation of experimental models 
3.6.1 Instruments used in RC model 
3.6.2 Instruments used in steel models 
3.7 Input excitations 
3.7.1 Input excitations for RC model 
3.7.2 Input excitations for steel models 
3.8 Summary 

4 Damage Response Investigation in Asymmetric Structures
4.1 Introduction 
4.2 Contribution of this chapter to knowledge 
4.3 Fiber bragg grating sensing principle 
4.4 Damage characteristics and its measurements 
4.4.1 Physical damage characteristics of RC model 
4.4.2 Damage simulation in steel models 
4.5 Local deformation concentration at FS and SS 
4.5.1 Local response in RC model 
4.5.1.1 Elastic response at FS 
4.5.1.2 Micro-cracking response at FS 
4.5.1.3 In-elastic response at FS 
4.5.1.4 Elastic and inelastic response at SS 
4.5.2 Damage simulation in steel models 
4.6 Damage investigation in terms of residual strains in RC model 
4.6.1 Initial strain consideration 
4.6.2 Discussion on the formation of plastic hinges in RC model 
4.6.3 Damage correlation with the dynamic characteristics of RC model 
4.7 Summary 
4.7.1 Summary of the physical damage in RC model 
4.7.2 Damage simulation in steel models 

5 Numerical Evaluation of Complex Local Behavior
5.1 Introduction 
5.2 Contribution of this chapter to knowledge 
5.3 FBG sensors under consideration 
5.4 Behavior of local response under progressive seismic excitation 
5.4.1 Behavior of local response in the elastic state 
5.4.2 Behavior of local response at internal micro-cracking state 
5.4.3 Behavior of local response in the in-elastic state 
5.5 Damage in terms of residual strain and variation in the dynamic properties 
5.5.1 Correlation with varying dynamic properties 
5.5.2 Damage at FS in terms of residual strain 
5.6 Finite element modelling of RC model 
5.6.1 Development of the FE model 
5.6.2 Numerical response validation 
5.7 Comparison of numerical response at FS and SS 
5.8 Summary 

6 Global Seismic Behaviour of Asymmetric Structures
6.1 Introduction 
6.2 Contribution of this chapter to knowledge 
6.3 Dynamic acceleration response 
6.3.1 Elastic and inelastic acceleration response of RC model 
6.3.2 Acceleration response of bi-eccentric S-1 model 
6.3.3 Acceleration response of mono-eccentric S-1 model 
6.3.4 Acceleration response of S-2 model 
6.3.5 Acceleration response of S-3 model 
6.3.6 Acceleration response of S-4 model 
6.4 Deformation response 
6.4.1 Deformation response of RC model 
6.4.2 Angular drift response of steel models 
6.5 Discussion on the global damage behavior 
6.5.1 Global behavior of RC model 
6.5.2 Correlating dynamic properties of RC model with global response 
6.5.3 Discussion on the global response of steel models 
6.6 Summary 
6.6.1 Global behavior of C-1 model under torsional vibrations 
6.6.2 Global behavior of S-1 model under torsional vibrations 
6.6.3 Global behavior of S-2 model under torsional vibrations 
6.6.4 Global behavior of S-3 model under torsional vibrations 
6.6.5 Global behavior of S-4 model under torsional vibrations 

7 Influence of Design Parameters on the Statistical Distribution of Structural Response
7.1 Introduction 
7.2 Contribution of this chapter to knowledge 
7.3 Varying orientations of seismic excitations 
7.4 Validation of numerical model with experimental and theoretical results 
7.5 Errors in theoretical and simulated results 
7.6 Response under varying orientations 
7.7 Is there any need to consider various orientations of seismic excitation? 
7.8 Statistical distribution of structural response under varied orientations 
7.9 Summary 

8 Seismic Design Guidelines for Asymmetric Structures
8.1 Introduction 
8.2 Contribution of this chapter to the knowledge 
8.3 Description of the utilized parameters of irregular structures 
8.4 Design guidelines 
8.5 Summary 

9 Conclusions 
9.1 Conclusions 
9.1.1 Local damage behavior of asymmetric structures 
9.1.2 Global behavior of asymmetric structures 

References

Appendix A: Local response of RC model 
Appendix B: Local response of steel models 
Appendix C: Global behavior of steel models 

Biography

Chunwei Zhang obtained his PhD degree from Harbin Institute of Technology in 2005. From 2005 to 2007, he was a research associate in Harbin Institute of Technology; From 2007 to 2010 he was an Assistant Professor at Harbin Institute of Technology. From 2010 to 2015, he was a senior lecturer at Western Sydney University. He is currently a Professor at Qingdao University of Technology and Director of the Structural Vibration Control group. He has also served as the Secretary-general for the Young Researcher's Forum at the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, and as committee member of the Dynamics and Control Division of American Society of Civil Engineer (ASCE). He has been in charge of and has participated in several major research programs, including general projects from National Science Foundation of China (NSFC), Key Technology R&D and 863 discovery and 973 major fundamental programs from Ministry of Science and Technology of China as well as industry grants etc. He was also the external assessor for National Science Foundation of China. His research interests include structural control, blast resistance and protective engineering. He has been awarded the first grade prize for Science and Technology Progress in 2009 by China Ministry of Education, and the Japan Society of Seismic Isolation (JSSI) award in 2004, and the best paper award for the eleventh international symposium on Structural Engineering.

Zeshan Alam obtained his Bachelor’s Degree in 2010 from the University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan and his Master’s degree in Structural Engineering in 2012 from the National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan. He is currently a PhD candidate at the Centre for Infrastructure Engineering at Western Sydney University, Australia and a visiting research fellow at Qingdao University of Technology, China. His research interests are Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Structural health monitoring and Performance assessment of asymmetric structures.

Li Sun obtained her PhD degree in 2006 from Dalian University of Technology. She is currently a Professor at the School of Civil Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, China. Her research interests are structural health monitoring, damage identification and applications of intelligent materials in civil engineering.

Bijan Samali obtained his PhD degree in 1984 from George Washington University, USA. He is currently the Director of Centre for Infrastructure Engineering at Western Sydney University, Australia. Prior to joining Western Sydney University, Professor Samali held a Personal Chair in Structural Engineering at UTS since 1999. He is the author or co-author of over 500 scholarly publications (including over 150 journal publications), on a wide range of topics in the areas of structural engineering, structural dynamics, vibration and motion control, wind and earthquake engineering, bridge engineering, damage detection and health monitoring of structures including keynote addresses and invited papers. More recently, he has also focused on concrete technology and pavement engineering with particular emphasis on developing new, green and sustainable concrete and pavements with superior properties including geopolymer and self-compacting concrete. He has also been involved with several major projects as a specialist consultant over the years.