1st Edition
Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control for the Municipal Water Cycle in a River Basin Context Validation of the Three-Step Strategic Approach
The protection of water resources from deterioration in quality by pollution discharges is probably the biggest challenge in sustainable water resources management in the recent decades. In practice, most countries have adopted pollution control strategies and measures which are based on ‘end-of-pipe’ solutions: wastewater treatment plants and adjustments to the regulations, including taxes for wastewater discharges (Conventional Strategy). Although this approach involves very high costs, on many occasions, this strategy has been a complete failure. The research described in this book contribute to the development of sustainable solutions for the previously outlined problem. It was based on the validation of the Three-Step Strategic Approach concept (3-SSA), which includes: 1) prevention or minimisation of waste production; 2) treatment aimed at recovery and reuse of waste components, and 3) disposal of remaining waste with stimulation of natural self-purification of the receiving water body. The study showed overall positive effects of the 3-SSA, in comparison of Conventional Strategy, on wastewater management in the Upper Basin (389 km) of the Cauca river, the second most important river in Colombia. The Cost Benefit Analysis clearly favoured the 3-SSA, generating a major impact on the river water quality at lower cost compared to the Conventional Strategy.
1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM OUTLINE
1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
1.3 STUDY AREA: UPPER CAUCA RIVER BASIN, COLOMBIA
1.4 OUTLINE OF THE THESIS
1.5 REFERENCES
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
2.2 TWENTY FIRST CENTURY AND THE LIMITATIONS OF ‘END-OF-PIPE’ SOLUTIONS
2.3 WATER IN CRISIS: SOME CONCEPTS TO SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT
2.4. THREE-STEP STRATEGIC APPROACH
2.5 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION FOR WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
2.6 WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE CITY OF THE FUTURE
2.7 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
2.8 RESEARCH GAPS AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS
2.9 REFERENCES
3 EVALUATION OF POLLUTION PREVENTION OPTIONS IN THE MUNICIPAL WATER CYCLE
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 METHODS
3.3 RESULTS
3.4 DISCUSSION
3.5 CONCLUSIONS
3.6 REFERENCES
4 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK TO SELECT URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY BASED ON THE THREE-STEP STRATEGIC APPROACH
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 METHODS
4.3 RESULTS
4.4 DISCUSSION
4.5 CONCLUSIONS
4.6 REFERENCES
5 FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF RECLAIMED WASTEWATER IRRIGATION IN THREE SUGARCANE PRODUCTION AREAS IN THE UPPER CAUCA RIVER BASIN, COLOMBIA
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS
5.3 RESULTS
5.4 DISCUSSION
5.5 CONCLUSIONS
5.6 REFERENCES
6 COMPARING DYNAMIC AND STEADY-STATE MODELLING TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON THE CAUCA RIVER
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 METHODOLOGY
6.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6.4 CONCLUSIONS
6.5 REFERENCES
7 VALIDATION OF THE THREE-STEP STRATEGIC APPROACH FOR IMPROVING URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT AND WATER RESOURCE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 METHODS
7.3 RESULTS
7.4 DISCUSSION
7.5 CONCLUSIONS
7.6 REFERENCES
8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
8.1 CONCLUSIONS
8.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
Biography
Alberto Galvis Castaño was born on March 31, 1955 in Sevilla, Department of ‘Valle del Cauca’, Colombia. He grew up in Cali and graduated in Sanitary Engineering in 1979 and a Master of Science in System and Industrial Engineering in 1988. Between 1979 and 1985 he worked in engineering consultancy companies. He is currently a staff member of the Cinara Institute in the Faculty of Engineering at the Universidad del Valle since 1986. He was a member of the founding group of the Cinara Institute (1989) and a member of the team that led the creation of the research group in ‘Integrated Water Resources Management’ (2003). He has been a director of international cooperation programs with institutions in Europe and Latin America and a director of research and development projects with the participation of Colombian institutions in the water resources management sector. He was made a full professor (2001) and Distinguished Professor (2010). Alberto Galvis is currently Director of the research group in ‘Integrated Water Resource Management’, as well as Senior Researcher in the national science and technology system (Colciencias). He is a lecturer in different academic programs and researcher in the topics of technology selection in water and sanitation, and mathematical modelling applied to planning and water resources management.
