1st Edition
Membrane Technology for Osmotic Power Generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis
Osmotic energy can be effectively harvested through pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) which is the most widely investigated technology due to its greater efficiency and higher power density output and effective membranes are the heart of the PRO technology. This book will cover a broad range of topics, including PRO membranes, fouling, module fabrication, process design, process operation and maintenance. It summarizes the progress in PRO researches in the last decade, and points out the directions for future R&D and commercialization of PRO. It will be of great interest to membrane researcher, company and operators to understand and get insights into the state-of-the-art PRO technologies.
1. Osmotic energy and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO)
Chun Feng Wan, Tai-Shung Chung
1. Water and energy crisis
2. Osmotic energy
3. Pressure retarded osmosis
4. PRO processes
5. Summary and outlook
References
2. Recent development of flat-sheet PRO membranes
Wenxiao Gai, Gang Han
1. Introduction
2. History of membranes employed in PRO processes
3. TFC membranes developed for PRO membranes
4. Membranes comprising nanomaterials developed for PRO processes
5. Summary and outlook
Acknowledgment
References
3. Recent development of hollow fiber PRO membranes
Wenxiao Gai, Gang Han, Tai-Shung Chung
1. Introduction
2. Integrally skinned hollow fiber membranes
3. TFC hollow fiber membranes
4. Summary and outlook
Acknowledgment
References
4. Mass transport within pressure retarded osmosis membranes of different configurations
Zhen Lei Chenga
1. Introduction
2. Derivation of mass transfer equations
3. Results and discussion of model simulations
4. Conclusions
References
5.Analysis of flux reduction behaviors in PRO
Jun Ying Xiong , Zhen Lei Cheng , Chun Feng Wan
1. Introduction
2. Flux reduction behaviors under a fixed bulk salinity gradient
3. Flux reduction behaviors under a growing bulk feed salinity
4. Flux reduction behaviors due to scaling
5. Flux reduction behaviors in PRO modules
6. Conclusions
References
6. Development of antifouling pressure retarded osmosis membranes
Wen Gang Huang , Xue Li , and Tao Cai
1. Introduction
2. HPGs-Grafted Membranes for Pressure Retarded Osmosis
3. Zwitterionic Material-Grafted Membranes for Pressure Retarded Osmosis
4. Other Surface-Modified Membranes for Pressure Retarded Osmosis
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
7. PRO pretreatment
Tianshi Yang, Chakravarthy S. Gudipati, Tai-Shung Chung
1. Introduction
2. Pretreatment using membrane filtrations
3. Pretreatment using chemical additives
4. Pretreatment using coagulations
5. Summary
Acknowledgments
References
8. Design and fabrication of thin-film composite hollow fiber modules for pressure retarded osmosis
Chun Feng Wana, Tianshi Yang
1. Introduction
2. Experimental
3. Results and discussions
4. Conclusions
References
9. Design and optimization of seawater reverse osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis-integrated pilot processes
Chun Feng Wan
1. Introduction
2. Theory
3. Results and Discussions
4. Conclusion
References
10. Operation and maintenance of SWRO-PRO pilot systems
Tianshi Yang, Chun Feng Wan, Esther Swin Hui Lee
1. Introduction
2. Design and Operation of SWRO-PRO pilot systems
3. Membrane cleaning strategies
4. Summary
References
11. Techno-economic evaluation of various RO+PRO and RO+FO integrated processes
Chun Feng Wan
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Results and discussions
4. Conclusions
References
12. Design of other pressure retarded osmosis hybrid processes (pressure retarded osmosis-membrane distillation and pressure retarded osmosis-forward osmosis)
Zhen Lei Cheng and Gang Han
1. Introduction
2. PRO-MD
3. PRO-FO
4. Challenges and future prospects
References
Index
Biography
Dr. Tai-Shung (Neal) Chung is the Provost’s Chair Professor at the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore. His research focuses on polymeric membranes for clean water and clean energy. In 2005-2008, he worked as a Senior Consultant for Hyflux, led and built its membrane research team. He became a Fellow in the Academy of Engineering Singapore in 2012 and received IChemE (Institute of Chemical Engineers, UK) 2014 Underwood Medal for exceptional research in separations and Singapore President’s Technology Award in 2015. He was a highly cited researcher in Chemical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering by the Elsevier and Shanghai Global Ranking in 2016 and received Distinction Award in Water Reuse and Conservation from International Desalination Association (IDA) in 2016. He is an author of 1 book, 24 book chapters, ³ 700 Journal papers, > 70 patents (including 46 US patents, 34 regional and Singapore patents), and 350 conference papers. He has the world highest number of publications in J. Membrane Science (Impact Factor = 6.578). So far, he has trained and produced 68 PhD, 23 MEng and 120 post-doctors. His H-index = 89 (Scopus) or 103 (Google Scholar); Number of citations > 31,486 (Scopus) and > 40,577 (Google Scholar) (June 30, 2018).
Dr. Chun Feng Wan is a research fellow at the department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS). He obtained his bachelor (1st Honor) and PhD in chemical engineering from in Prof Chung’s membrane research group in NUS. His research focuses on membrane synthesis, membrane module production, process design and pilot testing for osmotic power generation by pressure retarded osmosis. He has been awarded the Chinese out-standing PhD student study abroad, AICHE-SLS young researcher award and Forbes 30 under 30 Asia. He has first-authored 8 and co-authored 12 research articles in Journal of Membrane Science, Applied Energy and other leading research journals. His H-index in 11 (Scopus)12 (Google Scholar) and citation is 458 (Scopus) or 548 (Google Scholar) (June 30 2018).
