301 Pages 63 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Greywater Reuse examines the features and implications of greywater reuse scientifically, quantitatively, and thoroughly. Based on the authors’ extensive studies of treatment facilities in urban and rural environments, development of greywater treatment systems, and research of potential environmental and health risks posed by greywater at different treatment levels, this authoritative text:

    • Describes the chemical, physical, and microbial properties of greywater
    • Covers the treatment and removal of greywater pollutants, providing case studies of common methods
    • Identifies the risks involved in greywater use and proposes regulatory measures to help reduce these risks
    • Reviews the greywater management strategies, policies, and legislation of several different countries
    • Discusses the prevailing public perception and willingness to adopt various uses of greywater
    • Analyzes the economic impact of greywater reuse from both the consumer and national perspectives

    Greywater Reuse addresses all major aspects related to greywater reuse, making it a valuable resource for a variety of applications.

    Preface
    Authors
    Introduction
    Greywater Characteristics

    Introduction
    Greywater Characteristics
    Sources of Greywater
    Diurnal Pattern of Greywater Flows
    Diurnal Changes in Greywater Characteristics
    Synthetic Greywater
    Summary
    Greywater Treatment
    Challenges in Treating Greywater
    Treatment Principles
    Treatment Technologies
    Disinfection
    Comparing Technologies
    Summary
    Greywater Usages
    Introduction
    Greywater Reuse for Flushing Toilets
    Greywater Reuse for Garden Irrigation
    Summary
    Risk Assessment and Management
    Introduction
    Hazard Identification
    Setting Health and Environmental Targets and Tolerable Risk Levels
    Risk Assessment
    Means to Attain the Goals
    Critical Control Points
    Summary
    Policy and Legislation
    Introduction
    Comparative Review of Greywater Legislation: An Attempt to Reconcile Differing Regulatory Messages
    Setting Standards and Strategies to Manage Risk Involved in Greywater
    International Regulations versus Risk Assessment
    Legislation in Israel
    Conclusions
    Appendix: Summary Tables of Legislation in Australia, Britain, and Three U.S. States
    Perceptions and Attitudes toward Greywater Recycling: A Review
    The Importance of Public’s Attitudes and Perceptions Regarding Greywater Recycling
    Key Factors Shaping Attitudes and Perceptions Regarding Greywater Recycling: Literature Review from Around the World
    Extended Case: Israel
    Summary, Conclusions, and Outline for Future Research
    Acknowledgments
    Technoeconomic Aspects of Greywater Reuse
    Introduction
    Basic Considerations
    Calculating Annual Cost of Greywater Separation and Treatment
    Comparison of Three Biological Treatment Technologies as a Case Study
    Benefit
    Examination of the Economic Feasibility of Greywater Treatment and Reuse
    Examining the Payback Period of the Initial Investment in the System
    Summary
    Summary
    References
    Index

    Biography

    Amit Gross completed his undergraduate studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, and earned his M.Sc and Ph.D from Auburn University, Alabama, USA. He conducted postdoctoral training in Australia and at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, where he is currently associate professor in the Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research. Dr. Gross’s research involves the treatment and efficient use of marginal water and the environmental risks associated with contaminated water resources. Widely published, he serves on the editorial boards of several journals and on the committees of various national and international conferences.

    Adi Maimon completed her undergraduate studies in marine sciences at the Ruppin Academic Center, Israel. She earned her M.Sc in 2010, and then undertook a Ph.D program with Dr. Gross at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, where she currently studies various aspects of greywater reuse.

    Yuval Alfiya completed his undergraduate studies in environmental engineering at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, where he also earned an M.Sc in agricultural engineering. From 2004 to 2008, he worked as a research assistant in the National Center for Mariculture, Eilat, Israel. He then worked for five years as a research engineer with Dr. Friedler. In 2013, he began his Ph.D program with Dr. Friedler at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, where he currently studies various aspects of greywater reuse.

    Eran Friedler completed his undergraduate studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, and earned his Ph.D from the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa. He conducted postdoctoral training at the Imperial College London, UK, and then returned to Israel to become a partner in an environmental consultancy. He is currently associate professor in the Department of Environmental, Water, and Agricultural Engineering, member of the Grand Water Research Institute, and senior research fellow of the Samuel Neaman Institute for Advanced Studies in Science and Technology at the Technion. Widely published, Dr. Friedler is associate editor of the Urban Water Journal and serves on various conference committees.

    "… the most comprehensive publication on greywater reuse to date. ... spans the chemical, microbial, physical, economic, management and policy basics of greywater and its reuse. The set of practices and policies addressed in the book can lead towards water security in the face of climate change and heightened human demand."
    Water International Journal, October 2015

    "To my knowledge, this is the first book that provides scientific data for safe reuse of greywater and should provide the basis for promoting safe reuse of greywater. Hence, it should be useful for a wide range of audiences, from policy makers at national, state, and local governments to the academic community in teaching and learning, as well as for researchers as a basis to advance knowledge in this field."
    —Goen Ho, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia

    "… comprehensive, international, unbiased, expert."
    —David Butler, University of Exeter, UK