Electrical Machines with MATLAB® encapsulates the invaluable insight and experience that eminent instructor Turan Gönen has acquired in almost 40 years of teaching. With simple, versatile content that separates it from other texts on electrical machines, this book is an ideal self-study tool for advanced students in electrical and other areas of engineering. In response to the often inadequate, rushed coverage of fundamentals in most basic circuit analysis books and courses, this resource is intelligently designed, easy to read, and packed with in-depth information on crucial concepts.
Topics include three-phase circuits, power measurement in AC circuits, magnetic circuits, transformers, and induction, synchronous, and direct-current machines. The book starts by reviewing more basic concepts, with numerous examples to clarify their application. It then explores new "buzzword" topics and developments in the area of electrical machine applications and electric power systems, including:
- Renewable energy
- Wind energy and related conversion
- Solar energy
- Energy storage
- The smart grid
Using International Systems (IS) units throughout, this cross-disciplinary design guide delves into commonly used vocabulary and symbols associated with electrical machinery. Several new appendices contain tools such as an extensive glossary to explain important terms. Outlining a wide range of information—and the many different ways to apply it—this book is an invaluable, multifunctional resource for students and professors, as well as practicing professionals looking to refresh and update their knowledge.
Basic Concepts
Distribution System
Impact of Dispersed Storage and Generation
Brief Overview of Basic Electrical Machines
Real and Reactive Powers in Single-Phase AC Circuits
Three-Phase Circuits
Three-Phase Systems
Unbalanced Three-Phase Loads
Measurement of Average Power in Three-Phase Circuits
Power Factor Correction
Magnetic Circuits
Magnetic Field of Current-Carrying Conductors
Ampère’s Magnetic Circuital Law
Magnetic Circuits
Magnetic Circuit with Air Gap
Brief Review of Ferromagnetism
Magnetic Core Losses
How to Determine Flux for a Given MMF
Permanent Magnets
Transformers
Transformer Construction
Brief Review of Faraday’s and Lenz’s Laws of Induction
Ideal Transformer
Real Transformer
Approximate Equivalent Circuit of a Real Transformer
Determination of Equivalent-Circuit Parameters
Transformer Nameplate Rating
Performance Characteristics of a Transformer
Three-Phase Transformers
Three-Phase Transformer Connections
Autotransformers
Three-Winding Transformers
Instrument Transformers
Inrush Current
Electromechanical Energy Conversion Principles
Fundamental Concepts
Electromechanical Energy Conversion
Study of Rotating Machines
Singly Excited Rotating Systems
Multiply Excited Rotating Systems
Cylindrical Machines
Force Produced on a Conductor
Induced Voltage on a Conductor Moving in a Magnetic Field
Induction Machines
Construction of Induction Motors
Rotating Magnetic Field Concept
Induced Voltages
Concept of Rotor Slip
Effects of Slip on the Frequency and Magnitude of Induced Voltage of the Rotor
Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor
Performance Calculations
Equivalent Circuit at Start-Up
Determination of Power and Torque by Use of Thévenin’s Equivalent Circuit
Performance Characteristics
Control of Motor Characteristics by Squirrel-Cage Rotor Design
Starting of Induction Motors
Speed Control
Tests to Determine Equivalent-Circuit Parameters
Synchronous Machines
Construction of Synchronous Machines
Field Excitation of Synchronous Machines
Synchronous Speed
Synchronous Generator Operation
Equivalent Circuits
Synchronous Motor Operation
Power and Torque Characteristics
Stiffness of Synchronous Machines
Effect of Changes in Excitation
Use of Damper Windings to Overcome Mechanical Oscillations
Starting of Synchronous Motors
Operating a Synchronous Motor as a Synchronous Condenser
Operating a Synchronous Motor as a Synchronous Reactor
Tests to Determine Equivalent-Circuit Parameters
Capability Curve of Synchronous Machine
Parallel Operation of Synchronous Generators
Direct-Current Machines
Constructional Features
Brief Review of Armature Windings
Elementary DC Machine
Armature Voltage
Methods of Field Excitation
Armature Reaction
Commutation
Compensating Windings
Magnetization Curve
DC Generators
Separately Excited Generator
Self-Excited Shunt Generator
Series Generator
Compound Generator
Voltage Regulation
Developed Power
Developed Torque
Power Flow and Efficiency
DC Motor Characteristics
Control of DC Motors
DC Motor Starting
DC Motor Braking
Single-Phase and Special-Purpose Motors
Single-Phase Induction Motors
Starting of Single-Phase Induction Motors
Classification of Single-Phase Induction Motors
Universal Motors
Single-Phase Synchronous Motors
Subsynchronous Motors
Permanent-Magnet DC Motors
Transients and Dynamics of Electric Machines
DC Machines
Separately Excited DC Generator
Separately Excited DC Motor
Synchronous Generator Transients
Short-Circuit Transients
Transient Stability
Swing Equation
Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy
Impact of Dispersed Storage and Generation
Integrating Renewables into Power Systems
Distributed Generation
Renewable Energy Penetration
Active Distribution Network
Concept of Microgrid
Wind Energy and Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Energy Conversion Systems
Categories of Wind Turbines
Visual Impact of Wind Turbines
Types of Generators Used in Wind Turbines
Wind Turbine Operating Systems
Meteorology of Wind
Power in the Wind
Effects of a Wind Force
Impact of Tower Height on Wind Power
Wind Measurements
Characteristics of a Wind Generator
Efficiency and Performance
Efficiency of a Wind Turbine
Other Factors to Define the Efficiency
Grid Connection
Some Further Issues Related to Wind Energy
Development of Transmission System for Wind Energy in the United States
Energy Storage
Wind Power Forecasting
Solar Energy Systems
Crystalline Silicon
Effect of Sunlight on Solar Cell’s Performance
Effects of Changing Strength of the Sun on a Solar Cell
Temperature’s Effect on Cell Characteristics
Efficiency of Solar Cells
Interconnection of Solar Cells
Overall System Configuration
Thin-Film PV
Concentrating PV
PV Balance of Systems
Types of Conversion Technologies
Linear CSP Systems
Power Tower CSP Systems
Dish/Engine CSP Systems
PV Applications
Energy Storage Systems
Storage Systems
Storage Devices
Battery Types
Operational Problems in Battery Usage
Fuel Cells
The Smart Grid
Need for Establishment of Smart Grid
Roots of the Motivation for the Smart Grid
Distribution Automation
Active Distribution Networks
Volt/Var Control in Distribution Networks
Existing Electric Power Grid
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Advanced SCADA Concepts
Substation Controllers
Advanced Developments for Integrated Substation Automation
Evolution of Smart Grid
Smart Microgrids
Topology of a Microgrid
Topology of a Smart Grid
Standards of Smart Grids
Existing Challenges to the Application of the Concept of Smart Grids
Appendix A: Brief Review of Phasors
Appendix B: Per-Unit System
Appendix C: Salient-Pole Synchronous Machines
Appendix D: Unit Conversions from the English System to SI System
Appendix E: Unit Conversions from the SI System to English System
Appendix F: Stator Windings
Appendix G: Glossary for Electrical Machines Terminology
Answers to Selected Problems
Bibliography
Biography
Turan Gönen is professor of electrical engineering and director of the Electrical Power Educational Institute at California State University, Sacramento (CSUS). Previously, he was professor of electrical engineering and director of the Energy Systems and Resources Program at the University of Missouri–Columbia. Professor Gönen also held teaching positions at the University of Missouri– Rolla, the University of Oklahoma, Iowa State University, Florida International University, and Ankara Technical College. He has taught electrical machines and electric power engineering for more than 38 years. Professor Gönen also has a strong background in the power industry. He worked as a design engineer in numerous companies for eight years, both in the United States and abroad. He has served as a consultant for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Aramco, Black & Veatch Consultant Engineers, and the public utility industry.