2nd Edition

Electrical Machines with MATLAB®

By Turan Gonen Copyright 2012
    654 Pages 8 Color & 293 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Electrical Machines with MATLAB® encapsulates the invaluable insight and experience that eminent instructor Turan Gönen has acquired in almost 40 years of teaching. With simple, versatile content that separates it from other texts on electrical machines, this book is an ideal self-study tool for advanced students in electrical and other areas of engineering. In response to the often inadequate, rushed coverage of fundamentals in most basic circuit analysis books and courses, this resource is intelligently designed, easy to read, and packed with in-depth information on crucial concepts.

    Topics include three-phase circuits, power measurement in AC circuits, magnetic circuits, transformers, and induction, synchronous, and direct-current machines. The book starts by reviewing more basic concepts, with numerous examples to clarify their application. It then explores new "buzzword" topics and developments in the area of electrical machine applications and electric power systems, including:

    • Renewable energy
    • Wind energy and related conversion
    • Solar energy
    • Energy storage
    • The smart grid

    Using International Systems (IS) units throughout, this cross-disciplinary design guide delves into commonly used vocabulary and symbols associated with electrical machinery. Several new appendices contain tools such as an extensive glossary to explain important terms. Outlining a wide range of information—and the many different ways to apply it—this book is an invaluable, multifunctional resource for students and professors, as well as practicing professionals looking to refresh and update their knowledge.

    Basic Concepts

    Distribution System

    Impact of Dispersed Storage and Generation

    Brief Overview of Basic Electrical Machines

    Real and Reactive Powers in Single-Phase AC Circuits


    Three-Phase Circuits

    Three-Phase Systems

    Unbalanced Three-Phase Loads

    Measurement of Average Power in Three-Phase Circuits

    Power Factor Correction


    Magnetic Circuits

    Magnetic Field of Current-Carrying Conductors

    Ampère’s Magnetic Circuital Law

    Magnetic Circuits

    Magnetic Circuit with Air Gap

    Brief Review of Ferromagnetism

    Magnetic Core Losses

    How to Determine Flux for a Given MMF

    Permanent Magnets


    Transformers

    Transformer Construction

    Brief Review of Faraday’s and Lenz’s Laws of Induction

    Ideal Transformer

    Real Transformer

    Approximate Equivalent Circuit of a Real Transformer

    Determination of Equivalent-Circuit Parameters

    Transformer Nameplate Rating

    Performance Characteristics of a Transformer

    Three-Phase Transformers

    Three-Phase Transformer Connections

    Autotransformers

    Three-Winding Transformers

    Instrument Transformers

    Inrush Current


    Electromechanical Energy Conversion Principles

    Fundamental Concepts

    Electromechanical Energy Conversion

    Study of Rotating Machines

    Singly Excited Rotating Systems

    Multiply Excited Rotating Systems

    Cylindrical Machines

    Force Produced on a Conductor

    Induced Voltage on a Conductor Moving in a Magnetic Field


    Induction Machines

    Construction of Induction Motors

    Rotating Magnetic Field Concept

    Induced Voltages

    Concept of Rotor Slip

    Effects of Slip on the Frequency and Magnitude of Induced Voltage of the Rotor

    Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor

    Performance Calculations

    Equivalent Circuit at Start-Up

    Determination of Power and Torque by Use of Thévenin’s Equivalent Circuit

    Performance Characteristics

    Control of Motor Characteristics by Squirrel-Cage Rotor Design

    Starting of Induction Motors

    Speed Control

    Tests to Determine Equivalent-Circuit Parameters


    Synchronous Machines

    Construction of Synchronous Machines

    Field Excitation of Synchronous Machines

    Synchronous Speed

    Synchronous Generator Operation

    Equivalent Circuits

    Synchronous Motor Operation

    Power and Torque Characteristics

    Stiffness of Synchronous Machines

    Effect of Changes in Excitation

    Use of Damper Windings to Overcome Mechanical Oscillations

    Starting of Synchronous Motors

    Operating a Synchronous Motor as a Synchronous Condenser

    Operating a Synchronous Motor as a Synchronous Reactor

    Tests to Determine Equivalent-Circuit Parameters

    Capability Curve of Synchronous Machine

    Parallel Operation of Synchronous Generators


    Direct-Current Machines

    Constructional Features

    Brief Review of Armature Windings

    Elementary DC Machine

    Armature Voltage

    Methods of Field Excitation

    Armature Reaction

    Commutation

    Compensating Windings

    Magnetization Curve

    DC Generators

    Separately Excited Generator

    Self-Excited Shunt Generator

    Series Generator

    Compound Generator

    Voltage Regulation

    Developed Power

    Developed Torque

    Power Flow and Efficiency

    DC Motor Characteristics

    Control of DC Motors

    DC Motor Starting

    DC Motor Braking


    Single-Phase and Special-Purpose Motors

    Single-Phase Induction Motors

    Starting of Single-Phase Induction Motors

    Classification of Single-Phase Induction Motors

    Universal Motors

    Single-Phase Synchronous Motors

    Subsynchronous Motors

    Permanent-Magnet DC Motors


    Transients and Dynamics of Electric Machines

    DC Machines

    Separately Excited DC Generator

    Separately Excited DC Motor

    Synchronous Generator Transients

    Short-Circuit Transients

    Transient Stability

    Swing Equation


    Renewable Energy

    Renewable Energy

    Impact of Dispersed Storage and Generation

    Integrating Renewables into Power Systems

    Distributed Generation

    Renewable Energy Penetration

    Active Distribution Network

    Concept of Microgrid


    Wind Energy and Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS)

    Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Energy Conversion Systems

    Categories of Wind Turbines

    Visual Impact of Wind Turbines

    Types of Generators Used in Wind Turbines

    Wind Turbine Operating Systems

    Meteorology of Wind

    Power in the Wind

    Effects of a Wind Force

    Impact of Tower Height on Wind Power

    Wind Measurements

    Characteristics of a Wind Generator

    Efficiency and Performance

    Efficiency of a Wind Turbine

    Other Factors to Define the Efficiency

    Grid Connection

    Some Further Issues Related to Wind Energy

    Development of Transmission System for Wind Energy in the United States

    Energy Storage

    Wind Power Forecasting


    Solar Energy Systems

    Crystalline Silicon

    Effect of Sunlight on Solar Cell’s Performance

    Effects of Changing Strength of the Sun on a Solar Cell

    Temperature’s Effect on Cell Characteristics

    Efficiency of Solar Cells

    Interconnection of Solar Cells

    Overall System Configuration

    Thin-Film PV

    Concentrating PV

    PV Balance of Systems

    Types of Conversion Technologies

    Linear CSP Systems

    Power Tower CSP Systems

    Dish/Engine CSP Systems

    PV Applications


    Energy Storage Systems

    Storage Systems

    Storage Devices

    Battery Types

    Operational Problems in Battery Usage

    Fuel Cells


    The Smart Grid

    Need for Establishment of Smart Grid

    Roots of the Motivation for the Smart Grid

    Distribution Automation

    Active Distribution Networks

    Volt/Var Control in Distribution Networks

    Existing Electric Power Grid

    Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

    Advanced SCADA Concepts

    Substation Controllers

    Advanced Developments for Integrated Substation Automation

    Evolution of Smart Grid

    Smart Microgrids

    Topology of a Microgrid

    Topology of a Smart Grid

    Standards of Smart Grids

    Existing Challenges to the Application of the Concept of Smart Grids

     

    Appendix A: Brief Review of Phasors

    Appendix B: Per-Unit System

    Appendix C: Salient-Pole Synchronous Machines

    Appendix D: Unit Conversions from the English System to SI System

    Appendix E: Unit Conversions from the SI System to English System

    Appendix F: Stator Windings

    Appendix G: Glossary for Electrical Machines Terminology

     

    Answers to Selected Problems

     

    Bibliography

    Biography

    Turan Gönen is professor of electrical engineering and director of the Electrical Power Educational Institute at California State University, Sacramento (CSUS). Previously, he was professor of electrical engineering and director of the Energy Systems and Resources Program at the University of Missouri–Columbia. Professor Gönen also held teaching positions at the University of Missouri– Rolla, the University of Oklahoma, Iowa State University, Florida International University, and Ankara Technical College. He has taught electrical machines and electric power engineering for more than 38 years. Professor Gönen also has a strong background in the power industry. He worked as a design engineer in numerous companies for eight years, both in the United States and abroad. He has served as a consultant for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Aramco, Black & Veatch Consultant Engineers, and the public utility industry.