232 Pages 67 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Balances Scientific and Economic Points of View to Thoroughly Address Management Issues

    Responding to the need for clarification and benchmarks, Environmental Life Cycle Costing provides the fundamental basis on which to establish a definitive methodology. Clearly defining environmental LCC, this book balances scientific and economic points of view and thoroughly addresses the management perspective.

    Demonstrates the Process From Problem Definition to Analysis, to Presentation

    The book focuses on environmental LCC but also analyzes conventional LCC and societal LCC, providing case studies for each. It presents the link between life cycle costing and life cycle assessment and then explores public, private, and societal options. The book also explains all components of the method using the cross-cutting example of a washing machine. It also provides categorizations that permit the method to be adapted or streamlined as a function of the time available to the practitioner. Case study boxes demonstrate the process for carrying out an LCC, from problem definition to analysis and ultimate presentation to the decision maker.

    Experts Integrate Conventional Thinking with Emerging Ideas

    Environmental LCC summarizes all costs associated with the life cycle of a product regardless of who bears those costs. It includes present and future money flows as well as those to be internalized in the decision relevant future. A collaboration of experts at the forefront of research, this book ties conventional thinking on life cycle costs into emerging theory and practice by including environmental and social cost analyses and linking LCC to the environmental and social pillars of sustainability.

    A Dialog, over Coffee, about Life Cycle Costing
    Executive Summary
    Three Categories of Life Cycle Costing
    System Boundaries in Environmental Life Cycle Costing
    Example Calculations in Environmental Life Cycle Costing
    History of Life Cycle Costing, Its Categorization, and Its Basic Framework, K. Lichtenvort, G. Rebitzer, G. Huppes, A. Ciroth, S. Seuring, W.P. Schmidt, E. Günther, H. Hoppe, T. Swarr, and D. Hunkeler
    History and Development of Conventional LCC
    Types of LCC
    Two Key Limitations of LCC to Be Tackled by Environmental LCC
    The Requirement and General Framework for Environmental Life Cycle Costing
    Modelling for Life Cycle Costing, G. Huppes, A. Ciroth, K. Lichtenvort, G. Rebitzer, W.-P. Schmidt, and S. Seuring
    Introduction
    Cost Models
    Cost Categories
    Cost Bearers
    Uncertainties and Inconsistencies in Cost Data
    Cost Aggregation
    Environmental LCC, G. Rebitzer and S. Nakamura
    Objectives of Environmental LCC
    System Boundaries and Scope
    Calculating Life Cycle Costs based on the Process LCI of LCA
    Environmental LCC in Relationto Conventional and Societal LCC
    Calculating Life Cycle Costs Based on Hybrid LCA
    Integrating External Effects into LCC, B. Steen, H. Hoppe, D. Hunkeler, K. Lichtenvort, W.-P. Schmidt, and E. Spindler
    Introduction
    Definition, Identification, and Categorization of Externalities
    Monetization
    Internalizing Externalities
    LCC in Life Cycle Management, T. Swarr and D. Hunkeler
    Corporate Perspective
    Integrating LCC into Management
    Continuous Product Improvement
    A Survey of Current LCC Studies, A. Ciroth, K. Verghese, and C. Trescher
    Intention
    Relation of This Chapter to the Other Chapters
    Parameters and Settings of LCC Studies in Practice
    Sampling Procedure of Studies for the Survey
    Summary of Results
    Outlook: Toward an LCC Case Study Library
    Analysis of the Survey’s Results
    Conclusions and Questions
    Life Cycle Costing Case Studies, A. Ciroth, C.-O. Gensch, E. Günther, H. Hoppe, D. Hunkeler, G. Huppes, K. Lichtenvort, K. Ludvig, B. Notarnicola, A. Pelzeter, M.Prox, G. Rebitzer, I. Rüdenauer, and K. Verghese
    Introduction
    Organic versus Conventional Extra-Virgin Olive Oil
    Waste Water Treatment
    Light Bulb: Comparison of Energy-Saving and Incandescent Lamps
    Double-Deck Carriage Floor (BAHNKREIS Project)
    Washing Machine
    Hypothetical Case: A High-Capacity Glass Cable Network for Data Transmission
    Passenger Car
    Life Cycle Costs of Real Estate
    Conclusions
    Three Types of Life Cycle Costing
    Temporal Aspects and Discounting of LCC Results
    Learnings from Applied LCC Carried Out to Date
    State of the Art and Rules of Thumb in Carrying Out Life Cycle Costing
    Role of Environmental Life Cycle Costing in Sustainability Assessment, W. Klöpffer
    Sustainability
    Discussion
    Appendices
    Appendix to Case Study Boxes
    Appendix to Chapter 4: Social Impacts
    Appendix to Chapter 6: Survey Form
    Glossary
    References
    Index

    Biography

    David Hunkeler, Kerstin Lichtenvort, Gerald Rebitzer