1st Edition

Drought: Research and Science-Policy Interfacing

    Droughts occur in arid and semi-arid areas of the world, but also in humid areas, and can develop over short periods (flash drought) or longer periods (seasons/decades). Even though progress has been made, it remains difficult to adequately characterize, monitor, forecast and manage droughts, due to their multi-faceted nature.

    Usually, drought does not directly cause fatalities, but a wide range of socio-economic and environmental effects may occur, and, depending on the region, water-and food-related diseases and casualties can be triggered. Europe has regularly been hit hard by drought (e.g. recently Russia), and large portions of USA, Mexico, Brazil, China, India, Central Asia, South Africa, the Great Horn of Africa, or Australia, have been affected by drought. So globally, drought affects more regions, and more people, than other natural hazards.

    Additionally, climate change projections for many areas indicate that droughts are likely to become more frequent and more severe due to the increased variability of precipitation and temperature, tied in some cases to decreased average precipitation and increased average temperature. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve drought preparedness through measures that reduce vulnerability to drought and the risks they pose, in particular considering the uncertain future.

    Drought. Research and Science Policy Interfacing includes contributions to the International Conference on DROUGHT: Research and Science-Policy Interfacing (Valencia, Spain, 10-13 March 2015), the final event of the EU FP7 research project DROUGHT-R&SPI (Fostering European Drought Research and Science-Policy Interfacing). The book aims to foster development of drought policies and plans to reduce risk and vulnerability, and to enhance preparedness and resilience.

    The book addresses the following topics : (1) past, present and future of droughts (natural hazards, identification and characterization, impacts); (2) indicators, monitoring and forecasting (including early warning systems), risk and vulnerability assessment and reduction at different scales, and (3) preparedness and mitigation options (risk and vulnerability perception, water management and governance under drought conditions, design and implementation of drought policies and plans from the local to the regional, national and international levels, research Interfaces with drought policies).

    Drought. Research and Science Policy Interfacing will be of interest to researchers and professionals in those fields related to drought, such as climatology, meteorology, hydrology, agronomy, ecology, water economy, and water management, as well as to policy makers involved in drought preparedness and mitigation strategies at local, regional, national and international levels.

    Foreword
    Preface
    Organization

    Introduction

    Fostering drought research and science-policy interfacing: Achievements of the DROUGHT-R&SPI project
    H.A.J. Van Lanen, L.M. Tallaksen, D. Assimacopoulos, K. Stahl, W. Wolters, J. Andreu, S.I. Seneviratne, L. De Stefano, I. Seidl, F.C. Rego, A. Massarutto & E. Garnier


    Past, present and future of droughts

    Drought as a natural hazard

    Characteristics and drivers of drought in Europe—a summary of the DROUGHT-R&SPI project
    L.M. Tallaksen, J.H. Stagge, K. Stahl, L. Gudmundsson, R. Orth, S.I. Seneviratne, A.F. Van Loon & H.A.J. Van Lanen

    European historic droughts beyond the modern instrumental records 16th–20th centuries
    E. Garnier

    A comprehensive drought climatology for Europe (1950–2013)
    L. Gudmundsson & S.I. Seneviratne


    Assessment of past and future drought impacts

    Impact of drought on the inhabitants of the Cuvelai watershed: A qualitative exploration
    R. Lütkemeier & S. Liehr

    Rainy season pattern and impacts on agriculture and water resources in Northeastern Brazil
    M.S. Sakamoto, A.G. Ferreira, A.C. Costa & E.S. Olivas

    Modelling of last hypothesis of climate change impacts on water resources in Sierra de las Cabras aquifer (Southern Spain)
    P. Jiménez-Fernández & P. Jiménez-Gavilán

    Drought effects on rainfed agriculture using standardized indices: A case study in SE Spain
    S. Contreras & J.E. Hunink

    Ex-post evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of drought in some areas in Europe
    D. Musolino, A. Massarutto & A. de Carli

    Analysis of Guadalquivir droughts 2004–2012 based on SEEA-W tables
    M.M. Borrego-Marín, J.M. Perales, A. Posadillo, C. Gutiérrez-Martín & J. Berbel

    Multi-scalar drought and its impact on crop yield in the Republic of Moldova
    V. Potopová, C. Boroneant & B. Boincean

    Climate change and the increase of wildfire risk in the Upper Jucar River Basin, Spain
    M.A. Pérez-Martín, F. Vinces, P. del-Amo & A. Batán

    Integration of climate time series and MODIS data as an analysis tool for forest drought detection
    C. Domingo, X. Pons, J. Cristóbal, M. Ninyerola & B. Wardlow

    Comparing low moisture availability and relative crop yields on the pan-European scale using the FAO water production function
    K.J.B. Oude Lenferink, A.F. Van Loon, M.H.J. Van Huijgevoort & H.A.J. Van Lanen

    Impact of meteorological drought on crop yield on pan-European scale, 1979–2009
    L. Gunst, F.C. Rego, S. Dias, C. Bifulco, J.H. Stagge, M. Rocha & H.A.J. Van Lanen

    Temperature extremes, moisture deficiency and their impacts on dryland agriculture in Gujarat, India
    N. Bandyopadhyay, C. Bhuiyan & A.K. Saha

    Analysis of drought episode in Borno State of North-Eastern Nigeria
    F.C. Okorie, C.E. Ezedike & A.O. Nnaji


    Drought identification and characterization

    Using standardized precipitation and runoff indices for the identification of extraordinary drought events in Chile
    B. Fernández & J. Gironás

    Application of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand
    L. Sadeghi & A.Y. Shamseldin

    On the use of modelled soil moisture for drought assessment over Europe
    C. Cammalleri, F. Micale & J. Vogt

    Improving operational drought definitions—taking them to basin scale
    M. Oertel, F.J. Meza & J. Gironás

    Evaluation of drought occurrence in springs yields of the Nízke Tatry Mts.
    D. Vrablíková & M. Fendeková

    Chronology of drought termination for long records in the Thames catchment
    S. Parry, C. Prudhomme, R. Wilby & P. Wood

    Variability and patterns of drought characteristics based on SPEI in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain between 1981 and 2010
    Q.F. Wang, J.J. Wu, G.P. Geng, H.K. Zhou & X.Y. Mo

    Identification and frequency analysis of drought events in the Blanice river catchment (Czech Republic)
    V. David & T. Davidova

    Climate change and drought in the South of Carpathian basin and transboundary implications
    B. Meyer, G. Mezősi, V. Blanka & Zs. Ladanyi

    Climate change impact on water resources and droughts of AR5 scenarios in the Jucar River, Spain
    M.A. Pérez-Martín, A. Batán, P. del-Amo & S. Moll


    Drought indicators, monitoring and forecasting

    Indicators and monitoring

    Drought in South-Eastern Europe: Monitoring and management
    G. Gregorič & A. Sušnik

    The U.S. Drought Monitor: Evolution and recent achievements
    M.D. Svoboda

    Drought monitoring in a transboundary river basin in North America
    J.A. Breña-Naranjo, A. De Jesús & A. Pedrozo-Acuña

    Assessment and comparison of drought monitoring using hydrological and meteorological indices—Case study: The ZayandehRud water reservoir, Iran
    Sh. Paimozd, S. Khajeh & M. Moghaddasi

    The drought indicator system in the Júcar River Basin Authority
    T. Ortega Gómez, T. Estrela Monreal & M.A. Pérez-Martín

    A simple method to estimate irrigation date for soil moisture modeling and agricultural drought monitoring in irrigated regions
    H.K. Zhou, J.J. Wu, Q.F. Wang, X.Y. Mo, T.J. Lei, G.P. Geng & X.H. Li

    A preliminary assessment of meteorological and hydrological drought indicators for application to catchments across the UK
    L.J. Barker, J. Hannaford, C. Svensson & M. Tanguy

    An approach to monitoring drought events and food security conditions
    F. Perez, I. Angeluccetti, W. Cámaro & A. Demarchi

    Evaluation of ensemble SPI forecasts for Ceará, Northeastern Brazil
    E.A. Canamary, D.S. Reis Jr. & E.S. Martins

    Water scarcity cost as a drought indicator through hydroeconomic modelling—application to the Jucar River Basin
    A. Lopez-Nicolas, M. Pulido-Velazquez & Á. Sales-Esteban


    Early warning systems

    Improved rainfall-runoff modelling tools for low-flow forecasting: Application to French catchments
    C. Perrin, M.-H. Ramos, V. Andréassian, P. Nicolle, L. Crochemore & R. Pushpalatha

    Possibilities on drought forecasting in Croatia
    L. Kalin, K. Cindrić, D. Mihajlović & B. Matjačić

    IMPETUS: Improving predictions of drought for user decision-making
    C. Prudhomme, L. Shaffrey, T. Woollings, C. Jackson, H. Fowler & B. Anderson

    Developing a framework for drought forecasting and warning: Results of the DEWFORA project
    M. Werner, S. Vermooten, A. Iglesias, R. Maia, J. Vogt & G. Naumann

    Enhancing drought Monitoring and Early Warning by linking indicators to impacts
    J. Hannaford, M. Acreman, K. Stahl, S. Bachmair, M.D. Svoboda, C. Knutson, N.D. Crossman, I.C. Overton & M.J. Colloff

    El Niño/La Niña events as a tool for regional drought monitoring in Southern South America
    J.A. Rivera & O.C. Penalba

    Seasonal hydrologic forecasting under drought conditions in the Upper Jucar River Basin, Spain
    M.A. Pérez-Martín, M.A. Escudero, P. del-Amo & S. Moll

    Seasonal forecasts of hydrological drought in the Limpopo basin: Getting the most out of a bouquet of methods
    M. Seibert & P. Trambauer

    Climate seasonal forecast and derived indexes for droughts in Ceará, Brazil
    J.M.R. Pereira, F.C. Vasconcelos Jr., E.S. Martins, D.S. Reis Jr. & A.W.T. Noronha

    Use of seasonal climate predictions in the water sector—preliminary results from the EUPORIAS project
    L. Pouget, T. Roldán, M. Gómez, À. Cabello, E. Rodriguez Camino, B. Navascués, J. Voces, P. Comas, F. Pastor, M.C. García Gómez, J.J. Gil, D. Gil & R. Galván


    Drought risk and vulnerability assessment

    An impact perspective on pan-European drought sensitivity
    K. Stahl, I. Kohn, L. De Stefano, L.M. Tallaksen, F.C. Rego, S.I. Seneviratne, J. Andreu & H.A.J. van Lanen

    Drought vulnerability assessment for different hydrological conditions based on Standardized Runoff Index and Flow Duration Curve in Lithuania
    E. Stonevičius & G. Stankūnavičius

    Exploring situations of vulnerability to drought from a sectorial perspective: A starting point for regional assessments
    I. González Tánago, M. Ballesteros, J. Urquijo & L. De Stefano

    The dynamics of vulnerability to drought from an impact perspective
    V. Blauhut, K. Stahl & I. Kohn

    Drought vulnerability assessment and potential adaptation options in the Aegean islands
    P.M. Stathatou & E. Kampragou

    Vulnerability to drought: Mapping underlying factors across Europe
    M. Ballesteros, I. González Tánago, J. Urquijo & L. De Stefano


    Drought preparedness and mitigation options

    Drought risk and vulnerability perception

    Drought and agricultural insurance in Spain
    J.C. Cuevas García

    Hydrological reliability assessment of water management solution of reservoir storage capacity in conditions of uncertainty
    D. Marton, M. Starý, P. Menšík & S. Paseka


    Water management and governance under drought conditions

    From drought planning to drought management: Administrative and follow-up tasks
    J. Ferrer Polo & N. Mondéjar Martín

    Securing drinking water supply during extreme drought— learnings from South Australia
    J. Frizenschaf, L. Mosley, R. Daly & S. Kotz

    Regional governance assessment for drought adaptation in North-West Europe: Case study results from the analysis with a Governance Assessment Tool in the DROP-project
    J. Troeltzsch, U. Stein, R. Vidaurre, H. Bressers, G. Özerol, C. Furusho & I. La Jeunesse

    Conjunctive use of surface and ground waters during drought and climate change assumptions—Duero River Basin, Spain
    M.A. Hernandez & A. Solera

    Improving resilience to drought of the Apulian water resources system—a hydroeconomic model
    C. Arena, M. Cannarozzo, A. Fortunato, I. Scolaro & M.R. Mazzola

    Definition of optimal drought-oriented reservoir management policies combining stochastic programming and fuzzy logic
    H. Macian-Sorribes & M. Pulido-Velazquez

    The debate on sustainable water management: Evidence from drought in the Jucar Basin
    J. Albiac, A. Dinar, M. Taher Kahil & E. Esteban

    Applying the WARGI DSS to optimise water supply systems under drought conditions: Analysis of the South-Sardinia water system
    G.M. Sechi & R. Zucca

    Decision support system for drought management in a transboundary context
    B. Richaud, O.Z. Jessen & K. Cross

    Managing of the agriculture water consumption to meet the environmental flows of the Lake Urmia during the droughts
    M. Moghaddasi, S. Morid, M. Delavar & F. Arabpour


    Development and implementation of drought policies and plans from the local to the regional, national and international levels

    Towards policy recommendations for future drought risk reduction
    E. Kampragou, D. Assimacopoulos, L. De Stefano, J. Andreu, D. Musolino, W. Wolters, H.A.J. van Lanen, F.C. Rego & I. Seidl

    The Australian experience in managing through protracted drought
    J.D. Connor & J.M. Kirby

    Implementing the national drought policy in Mexico: Challenges and strategies for a sound water resources management
    F.I. Arreguin Cortés, M. López Pérez & F. Rosales Ángeles

    Integrated water resources management strategy to mitigate drought impacts in Mexico
    C.E. Torrecillas Núñez, A.C. Ravelo, A.Y. Shamseldin & T. Miguel

    Drought and water scarcity in Iran: How to cope with and prepare for it?
    M.M. Saravi, R. Shahbazi & A. Malekian

    Water markets in Spain: A tool for drought mitigation
    S. Palomo-Hierro, J.A. Gómez-Limón & L. Riesgo

    Program of preventive and mitigation drought measures in the Rio Balsas Basin Council, Mexico
    D. Ortega-Gaucin & I. Velasco


    Research and science interfaces with drought policies

    European experience with science-policy interfacing to cope with drought
    W. Wolters, J. Andreu, D. Assimacopoulos, F. Puma, S. Dias, I. Seidl & H.A.J. van Lanen

    Author index

    Biography

    Joaquin Andreu, Abel Solera, Javier Paredes-Arquiola, David Haro-Monteagudo, Henny van Lanen