1st Edition
Remediation Hydraulics
In situ treatments involving the arrangement of contact between prospective reactants in complex porous media require a refined understanding of solute migration. However, the tools and methods used to predict and control fluid movement in the subsurface need significant improvement. Practitioners and regulators must develop novel methods to achieve an advanced understanding of treatment mechanisms.
Remediation Hydraulics addresses the need to predict and control fluid movement in the subsurface. It demonstrates how to conduct realistic assessments of contaminant plume structure and achieve contact between injected reagents and target compounds. The book describes both the advection-dispersion and continuous random walk theories of mass transport as well as explains the practical implications of each theory in remedial system design. In addition, it devotes an entire section to the development of conceptual site models and hydrostratigraphic characterization techniques that will aid practitioners in assessing the role of depositional environments in patterning groundwater flows and containment distributions.
Based the authors’ sound experience at over one hundred groundwater treatment projects, this bookprovides an arsenal of relevant theories and practical applications to aid practitioners and regulators in the prediction of fluid movement in the subsurface as well as in the design of pilot to full-scale remediation systems.
Cohesion and Surface Tension
Surface Energy and Wetting
Interfacial Tension, Capillarity and Entry Pressure
Surfactants
Viscosity
Laminar and Turbulent Flows
Friction Factors and Pipe Pressure Loss
Density and Compressibility
Impacts of Temperature and Dissolved Solids on Fluid Properties
Properties of Porous Media
Skeletal Matrix
Composition
Effective Stress
Porosity
Compressibility and Consolidation
Aquifer Storage Concepts
Aquifer Heterogeneity
Groundwater Flow Concepts
Viscous Flow
Darcy’s Law
Hydraulic Conductivity and Permeability
Equivalent Hydraulic Conductivity
Mobile and Immobile Porosities
Anisotropy and Structure
Darcy’s Law in Radial Flow
Concentration of Flow
Multi-Fluid and Non-Aqueous Flow
Intrinsic Permeability and Saturated Conductivity
Relative Permeability and Conductivity in Two-Fluid Systems
Entry Pressures and Vertical Non-Aqueous Liquid Mobility
Impact of Site Activities on Vertical NAPL Mobility
Gas Induced Groundwater Conductivity Decreases
Solute Dispersion in Porous Media
Definitions
Advection-Dispersion
Reconsideration of the Dispersivity Term
Fundamentals of Molecular Diffusion
Molecular Diffusion in Heterogeneous Porous Media
An Applications Based Outlook on Dispersivity and Diffusivity
Reactive and Sorptive Processes
Sorptive Processes
Precipitation
Gas-Generating Reactions
Mobilization of Colloids
Contaminant and Reagent Mass Transport
Aquifer Mass Storage Capacities
Solute Transfers between Mobile and Immobile Porosities
Steady-State Concepts
Plume Development and Retreat
Conceptual Site Models
Elements of the Site Concept
Accounting for Realistic Aquifer Behaviors
Testing Conceptual Site Models
Hydrostratigraphic Characterization
Soil Classification Systems
Stratigraphic Logging Technique
Sampling Methods
Coordinated Hydrostratigraphic and Groundwater Sampling
Stratigraphic Contrast
Principles of Well Design
Elements of Well Design and Construction
Screen and Filter Pack Design and Construction
Well Development
Well Economics
Design and Interpretation of Aquifer Characterization Tests
Methods for Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity
Slug Testing
Pumping Tests
Monitoring Approaches – What a Monitoring Well Sees
Tracer Study Design and Interpretation
Tracer Study Design and Layout
Tracer Profiles and Breakthrough Curves
Tracer Volumes and Estimates of Mobile Porosity
Calculating the Center of Mass
Tracer Selection Criteria and Available Tracers
Controlling Tracer Distribution
Tracer Case Studies
Using Tracers to Detect Displacement
Injection Based Reactive Zone Design
How an Aquifer Accommodates Injected Fluid
Pressure Limits and Formation Failure
Creating Reactive Zones through Reagent Injection
Flow Controlling Reactive Zone Designs
Funnel and Gate
Permeable Reactive Barriers
Hydraulic Fracturing
Clay – Zero Valent Iron Systems
Summary of New Developments and Their Implications
A Shifting Model of the Sub-Surface
Mapping Heterogeneities – Toward a Quantitative
Developing Methods in Quantitative Hydrogeology
Adaptive Design and Other Closing Points For Consideration
References
Plates
Biography
Fred C. Payne, Joseph A. Quinnan, Scott T. Potter
"The book reflects a realistic and successful approach to remediation. It is well researched and detailed enough to provide practical knowledge for engineers, scientists, and regulators in the prediction of fluid movement in the subsurface as well as in the design of pilot to full-scale remediation systems."
– Laura L. Sanders, Book Editor, in Ground Water, 2009
