1st Edition

Food Packaging Science and Technology

    With a wealth of illustrations, examples, discussion questions, and case studies, the Food Packaging Science and Technology covers basic principles and technologies as well as advanced topics such as active, intelligent, and sustainable packaging with unparalleled depth and breadth of scope. Emphasizing the application of relevant scientific principles to create effective designs and quality products, an international team of contributors draws on their collective experience to equip you with the necessary knowledge and tools to tackle modern food packaging problems.

    Divided into four parts, this book begins with an extensive discussion of packaging materials science. Contributions review the basic concepts of chemical and physical properties as they relate to food packaging. They cover gas permeation and migration and give detailed information on the four basic types of packaging materials: plastics, glass, metal, and cellulosic. The second part applies the previous information to the field of packaging technologies. Traditional methods and concepts such as end-of-line operations, permeation and migration, canning and aseptic packaging, and vacuum/modified atmosphere packaging are juxtaposed with the more advanced technologies of microwaveable packaging, active packaging, and intelligent packaging.

    Part 3 discusses shelf life determination and elements of storage stability and packaging requirements of various food categories. The final part presents issues related to packaging sociology, addressing sustainable packaging, as well as sociological and legislative considerations.

    Overview of Food Packaging Systems
    Introduction
    Science and Technology of Food Packaging
    Socioeconomic Needs
    Packaging Functions
    Packaging Environments
    Food Packaging Systems
    Tables for Analyzing Food Packaging Systems
    Food Package Development
    Chemical Structures and Properties of Packaging Materials
    Chemical Constituents
    Chemical Bonding
    Intermolecular Forces
    Spatial Arrangements
    Chemical Reactivity and Susceptibility of Packaging
    Physical Properties of Packaging Materials
    Introduction
    Thermal Properties
    Electromagnetic Properties
    Mechanical Properties
    Permeation of Gas and Vapor
    Introduction
    Basic Concepts of Permeation
    Theoretical Analysis
    Terminology and Units for Permeation
    Permeability Coefficients of Food Packaging Polymers
    Factors Governing Permeation
    Measurements for Permeation Properties
    Migration and Flavor Scalping
    Introduction
    Phenomenal Description of Migration Process
    Migration Issues in Food Packaging
    Flavor Scalping and Sorption
    Migration Testing
    Predictive Migration Models
    Regulatory Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
    Food Packaging Polymers
    Basic Concepts of Polymers
    Polymerization Reactions
    Plastics versus Polymers
    Composition/Processing/Morphology/Properties Relationships
    Characteristics of Packaging Polymers
    Food Packaging Polymers
    Polymer Processing
    Glass Packaging
    Introduction
    Chemical Structure
    Glass Properties
    Glass Containers Manufacturing
    Glass Container Strengthening Treatments
    Use of Glass Containers in Food Packaging
    Other Ceramic Containers
    Metal Packaging
    Introduction
    Aluminum
    Coated Steels
    Stainless Steel
    Metal Corrosion
    Metal Container Manufacturing
    Protective Lacquers
    Cellulosic Packaging
    Introduction
    Cellulose Fiber-Morphology
    Cellulose Fiber-Chemistry
    Paper and Paperboard Production
    Paper Bags & Wrappings
    Corrugated Board and Boxes
    Folding Cartons and Set-up Boxes
    Composite Cans and Fiber Drums
    Cartons for Liquids
    Molded Cellulose
    Cellophane
    Other Quasi Cellulosic Materials
    End-of-Line Operations
    Introduction
    Printing
    Label and Labeling
    Coding
    Sealing of Plastic Surfaces
    Case Study: Finding Sealing Conditions for a LLDPE Film
    Food Packaging Operations and Technology
    Food Packaging Line
    Filling of Liquid and Wet Food Products
    Filling of Dry Solid Foods
    Closure and Closing Operation
    Methods of Wrapping and Bagging
    Form/Fill/Seal
    Various Forms of Contact and Contour Packaging
    Case Studies
    Thermally Preserved Food Packaging: Retortable and Aseptic
    Introduction
    Thermal Destruction of Microorganisms and Food Quality
    Basics of Thermal Processing Design
    Hot Filling
    In-container Pasteurization and Sterilization
    Aseptic Packaging
    Case Study: Design of a Thermal-Processed Tray-Set Containing High- and Low-Acid Foods
    Vacuum/Modified Atmosphere Packaging
    Basic Principles
    Non-respiring Products
    Respiring Products
    Case study: Design of Modified Atmosphere Package for Blueberries
    Microwavable Packaging
    Microwaves and Microwave Oven
    Microwave/Food/Packaging Interactions
    Challenges in Microwave Heating of Foods
    Microwavable Packaging Materials
    Interactive Microwave Food Packages
    Case Study: Effect of Metal Shielding on Microwave Heating Uniformity
    Active and Intelligent Packaging
    Introduction
    Active Packaging – Absorbing System
    Active Packaging – Releasing System
    Active Packaging – Other System
    Intelligent Packaging Framework
    Smart Packaging Devices
    Legislative and Human Behavior Issues
    Case Study: Intelligent Microwave Oven with Barcode Reader
    Shelf Life of Packaged Food Products
    Introduction
    Food Distribution Channel
    Criteria Determining Shelf Life
    Kinetics
    Measurements and Prediction
    Case Study: Shelf Life of a Potato Chip Product with Two Interacting Quality Deterioration Mechanisms
    Elements of Packaging, Distribution and Shelf Life of Each Category Foods
    Introduction
    Cereals and Bakery Products
    Meat and Fish Products
    Dairy Products
    Confectionery Products
    Fats and Oils
    Drinks
    Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
    Frozen Foods
    Sustainable Food Packaging
    Sustainable Packaging
    Packaging Related Environmental Issues
    Management of Packaging Wastes
    Recycling of Packaging Materials
    Biodegradable Materials
    Degradable Packaging
    Life Cycle Assessment
    Sociological and Legislative Considerations
    Introduction
    Tamper Evident Packaging
    Product Liability
    Labeling Information

    Biography

    Dong Sun Lee, Kit L. Yam, Luciano Piergiovanni