Properties of solids
From Mazria
All values at room temperature unless otherwise noted
Material |
Specific Heat |
Density lb/ft3 |
Thermal
conductivity Btu/hr·ft·°F |
Adobe |
0.24 |
106 |
0.3 |
Aluminum (alloy 1100) |
0.214 |
171 |
128 |
Aluminum bronze (76% Cu, 22% Zn, 2% Al) |
0.09 |
517 |
58 |
Alundum (aluminum oxide) |
0.186 |
- |
- |
Asbestos fiber |
0.25 |
150 |
0.097 |
Asbestos insulation |
0.2 |
36 |
0.092 |
Ashes, wood |
0.2 |
40 |
0.04 1a |
Asphalt |
0.22 |
132 |
0.43 |
Bakelite |
0.35 |
81 |
9.7 |
Bell metal |
0.086a |
- |
- |
Bismuth tin |
0.04 |
- |
37.6 |
Brass, red (85% Cu, 15% Zn) |
0.09 |
548 |
87 |
Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 35% Zn) |
0.09 |
519 |
69 |
Brick, building |
0.2 |
123 |
0.4 |
Bronze |
0.104 |
530 |
17b |
Cadmium |
0.055 |
540 |
53.7 |
Carbon (gas retort) |
0.17 |
- |
0.20c |
Cardboard |
- |
- |
0.04 |
Cellulose |
0.32 |
3.4 |
0.033 |
Cement (Portland clinker) |
0.16 |
120 |
0.017 |
Material |
Specific Heat |
Density lb/ft3 |
Thermal
conductivity Btu/hr·ft2·°F |
Chalk |
0.215 |
143 |
0.48 |
Charcoal (wood) |
0.2 |
15 |
0.03 d |
Chrome brick |
0.17 |
200 |
0.67 |
Clay |
0.22 |
63 |
- |
Coal |
0.3 |
90 |
0.098 b |
Coal tars |
0.35 e |
75 |
0.07 |
Coke (petroleum, powdered) |
0.36 f |
62 |
0.55 f |
Concrete (stone) |
0.156 |
144 |
0.54 |
Copper (electrolytic) |
0.092 |
556 |
227 |
Cork (granulated) |
0.485 |
5.4 |
0.028 g |
Cotton (fiber) |
0.319 |
95 |
0.024 |
Cryolite (AlF3·3NaF) |
0.253 |
181 |
- |
Diamond |
0.147 |
151 |
27 |
Earth (dry and packed) |
- |
95 |
0.037 |
Felt |
- |
20.6 |
0.03 |
Fireclay brick |
0.198 h |
112 |
0.58 d |
Flourspar (CaF2) |
0.21 |
199 |
0.63 |
German silver (nickel silver) |
0.09 |
545 |
19 |
Glass, crown (soda-lime) |
0.18 |
154 |
0.59 i |
Glass, flint (lead) |
0.117 |
267 |
0.79 |
Material |
Specific Heat |
Density lb/ft3 |
Thermal
conductivity Btu/hr·ft2·°F |
Glass, Pyrex |
0.20 |
139 |
0.59 i |
Glass, "wool" |
0.157 |
3.25 |
0.022 |
Gold |
0.0312 |
1208 |
172 |
Graphite, "Karbate" (impervious) |
0.16 |
117 |
75 |
Graphite, powder |
0.165 |
- |
0.106 |
Gypsum |
0.259 |
78 |
0.25 |
Hemp (fiber) |
0.323 |
93 |
- |
Ice, 32°F |
0.487 |
57.5 |
1.3 |
Ice, -4°F |
0.465 |
- |
1.41 |
Iron, cast |
0.12 h |
450 |
27.6 j |
Iron, wrought |
- |
485 |
34.9 |
Lead |
0.0309 |
707 |
20.1 |
Leather (sole) |
- |
62.4 |
0.092 |
Limestone |
0.217 |
103 |
0.54 |
Linen |
- |
- |
0.05 |
Litharge (lead monoxide) |
0.055 |
490 |
- |
Magnesia, light carbonate |
0.2 |
13 |
0.04 |
Magnesia, powdered |
0.234 h |
49.7 |
0.35 k |
Magnesite brick |
0.222 h |
158 |
2.2 l |
Magnesium |
0.241 |
108 |
91 |
Material |
Specific Heat |
Density lb/ft3 |
Thermal
conductivity Btu/hr·ft2·°F |
Marble |
0.21 |
162 |
1.5 |
Nickel |
0.105 |
555 |
34.4 |
Paint, black shellac |
- |
63 |
0.15 |
Paper |
0.32 |
58 |
0.075 |
Paraffin |
0.69 |
56 |
0.14 b |
Plaster |
0.22 |
132 |
0.43 m |
Platinum |
0.032 |
1340 |
39.9 |
Porcelain |
0.18 |
162 |
1.3 |
Pyrites, copper |
0.131 |
262 |
- |
Pyrites, iron |
0.136 n |
310 |
- |
Rock salt |
0.219 |
136 |
- |
Rubber, vulcanized (soft) |
0.48 |
68.6 |
0.08 |
Rubber, vulcanized (hard) |
- |
74.3 |
0.092 |
Sand |
0.191 |
94.6 |
0.19 |
Sawdust |
- |
12 |
0.03 |
Silica |
0.316 |
140 |
0.83 i |
Silver |
0.0560 |
654 |
245 |
Snow, freshly fallen |
- |
7 |
0.34 |
Snow, at 32°F |
- |
31 |
1.3 |
Steel, mild |
0.12 |
489 |
26.2 |
Material |
Specific Heat |
Density lb/ft3 |
Thermal
conductivity Btu/hr·ft2·°F |
Stone, quarried |
0.2 |
95 |
- |
Tar, bituminous |
- |
75 |
0.41 |
Tar, pitch |
0.59 |
67 |
0.51 |
Tin |
0.0556 |
455 |
37.5 |
Tungsten |
0.032 |
1210 |
116 |
Wood, hardwoods, white ash |
0.45 to 0.65 |
43 |
0.0992 |
Wood, hardwoods, American elm |
0.45 to 0.65 |
36 |
0.0884 |
Wood, hardwoods, hickory |
0.45 to 0.65 |
50 |
- |
Wood, hardwoods, mahogany |
0.45 to 0.65 |
34 |
0.075 |
Wood, hardwoods, sugar maple |
0.45 to 0.65 |
45 |
0.108 |
Wood, hardwoods, white oak |
0.57 |
47 |
0.102 |
Wood, hardwoods, black walnut |
0.45 to 0.65 |
39 |
- |
Wood, softwoods, white fir |
- |
27 |
0.068 |
Wood, softwoods, white pine |
- |
27 |
0.063 |
Wood, softwoods, spruce |
- |
26 |
0.065 |
Wool, fabric |
- |
6.9 to 20.6 |
0.021 to 0.037 |
Wool, fiber |
0.325 |
82 |
- |
Zinc, cast |
0.092 |
445 |
65 |
Zinc, hot-rolled |
0.094 |
445 |
62 |
aat 122°F bat 32°F cat 2°F |
dat 392°F eat 104°F fat 752°F |
gat 23°F hat 212°F iat 200°F |
jat 129°F kat 117°F lat 400°F |
mat 167°F nat 156°F |