Properties of solids

Adapted from Mazria

All values at room temperature unless otherwise noted

Material

Specific Heat
kJ/kg·°C

Density
kg/
m3

Thermal conductivity
W/m·°C

Adobe

1.0

1700

0.5

Aluminum (alloy 1100)

0.896

2740

222

Aluminum bronze (76% Cu, 22% Zn, 2% Al)

0.4

8280

100

Alundum (aluminum oxide)

0.779

-

-

Asbestos fiber

1.0

2400

0.17

Asbestos insulation

0.8

580

0.16

Ashes, wood

0.8

640

0.071a

Asphalt

0.92

2110

0.74

Bakelite

1.5

1300

17

Bell metal

0.36a

- -

Bismuth tin

0.2

-

65.1

Brass, red (85% Cu, 15% Zn)

0.4

8780

151

Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 35% Zn)

0.4

8310

119

Brick, building

0.8

1970

0.7

Bronze

0.435

8490

29b

Material

Specific Heat
kJ/kg·°C

Density
kg/
m3

Thermal conductivity
W/m·°C

Cadmium

0.23

8650

92.9

Carbon (gas retort)

0.71

  -

0.35c

Cardboard

 -

  -

0.07

Cellulose

1.3

54

0.057

Cement (Portland clinker)

0.67

1920

0.029

Chalk

0.900

2290

0.83

Charcoal (wood)

0.8

240

0.05d

Chrome brick

0.71

3200

1.2

Clay

0.92

1010

-

Coal

1.3

1440

0.17b

Coal tars

1.5e

1200

0.1

Coke (petroleum, powdered)

1.5f

990

0.95f

Concrete (stone)

0.653

2310

0.93

Copper (electrolytic)

0.39

8910

393

Cork (granulated)

2.03

90

0.048g

Material

Specific Heat
kJ/kg·°C

Density
kg/
m3

Thermal conductivity
W/m·°C

Cotton (fiber)

1.34

1520

0.042

Cryolite (AlF3·3NaF)

1.06

2900

-

Diamond

0.615

2420

47

Earth (dry and packed)

-

1520

0.064

Felt

-

300

0.05

Fireclay brick

0.829h

1800

1.00d

Flourspar (CaF2)

0.88

3200

1.1

German silver (nickel silver)

0.4

8700

33

Glass, crown (soda-lime)

0.75

2470

1.0i

Glass, flint (lead)

0.490

4280

1.4

Glass, Pyrex

0.84

2230

1.0i

Glass, "wool"

0.657

100

0.038

Gold

0.131

19300

298

Graphite, "Karbate" (impervious)

0.67

1870

130

Graphite, powder

0.691

-

0.183

Material

Specific Heat
kJ/kg·°C

Density
kg/
m3

Thermal conductivity
W/m·°C

Gypsum

1.08

1250

0.43

Hemp (fiber)

1.35

1490

-

Ice, 32°F

2.04

921

2.2

Ice, -4°F

1.95

-

2.44

Iron, cast

0.50h

7210

47.8i

Iron, wrought

-

7770

60.4

Lead

0.129

11320

34.8

Leather (sole)

-

1000

0.16

Limestone

0.909

1650

0.93

Linen

- -

0.09

Litharge (lead monoxide)

0.23

7850

-

Magnesia, light carbonate

-

210

-

Magnesia, powdered

0.980h

796

0.61k

Magnesite brick

0.929h

2530

3.8l

Magnesium

1.009

1730

157

Material

Specific Heat
kJ/kg·°C

Density
kg/
m3

Thermal conductivity
W/m·°C

Marble

0.88

2590

2.6

Nickel

0.440

8890

59.5

Paint, black shellac

-

1010

0.26

Paper

1.3

930

0.13

Paraffin

2.9

900

0.24b

Plaster

-

2110

0.74m

Platinum

0.13

21460

69.1

Porcelain

0.75

2590

2.2

Pyrites, copper

0.548

4200

-

Pyrites, iron

0.569n

4970

-

Rock salt

0.917

2180

-

Rubber, vulcanized (soft)

2.0

1100

0.14

Rubber, vulcanized (hard)

-

1190

0.16

Sand

0.8

1520

0.33

Sawdust

-

190

0.05

Material

Specific Heat
kJ/kg·°C

Density
kg/
m3

Thermal conductivity
W/m·°C

Silica

1.32

2240

1.4i

Silver

0.234

10500

424

Snow, freshly fallen

-

110

0.59

Snow, at 32°F

-

500

2.2

Steel, mild

0.50

7830

45.3

Stone, quarried

0.8

1520

-

Tar, bituminous

-

1200

0.71

Tar, pitch

2.5

1070

0.88

Tin

0.233

7290

64.9

Tungsten

0.13

19380

201

Wood, hardwoods, white ash

1.9 to 2.7

690

0.172

Wood, hardwoods, American elm

1.9 to 2.7

580

0.153

Wood, hardwoods, hickory

1.9 to 2.7

800

-

Wood, hardwoods, mahogany

1.9 to 2.7

540

0.130

Wood, hardwoods, sugar maple

1.9 to 2.7

720

0.187

Material

Specific Heat
kJ/kg·°C

Density
kg/
m3

Thermal conductivity
W/m·°C

Wood, hardwoods, white oak

2.4

750

0.177

Wood, hardwoods, black walnut

1.9 to 2.7

620

-

Wood, softwoods, white fir

-

430

0.118

Wood, softwoods, white pine

-

430

0.109

Wood, softwoods, spruce

-

420

0.112

Wool, fabric

-

110 to 330

0.036 to 0.064

Wool, fiber

1.36

1310

-

Zinc, cast

0.39

7130

112

Zinc, hot-rolled

0.39

7130

107

aat 50°C
bat
0°C
cat
-17°C

dat 200°C
eat 40°C
fat 400°C

gat -5°C
hat 100°C
iat 93°C
jat 54°C
kat 47°C
lat 204°C
mat 75°C
nat 69°C