Properties of solids
Adapted from Mazria
All values at room temperature unless otherwise noted
Material |
Specific Heat |
Density |
Thermal conductivity |
Adobe |
1.0 |
1700 |
0.5 |
Aluminum (alloy 1100) |
0.896 |
2740 |
222 |
Aluminum bronze (76% Cu, 22% Zn, 2% Al) |
0.4 |
8280 |
100 |
Alundum (aluminum oxide) |
0.779 |
- |
- |
Asbestos fiber |
1.0 |
2400 |
0.17 |
Asbestos insulation |
0.8 |
580 |
0.16 |
Ashes, wood |
0.8 |
640 |
0.071 a |
Asphalt |
0.92 |
2110 |
0.74 |
Bakelite |
1.5 |
1300 |
17 |
Bell metal |
0.36a |
- | - |
Bismuth tin |
0.2 |
- | 65.1 |
Brass, red (85% Cu, 15% Zn) |
0.4 |
8780 |
151 |
Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 35% Zn) |
0.4 |
8310 |
119 |
Brick, building |
0.8 |
1970 |
0.7 |
Bronze |
0.435 |
8490 |
29 b |
Material |
Specific Heat |
Density |
Thermal conductivity |
Cadmium |
0.23 |
8650 |
92.9 |
Carbon (gas retort) |
0.71 |
- |
0.35 c |
Cardboard |
- |
- |
0.07 |
Cellulose |
1.3 |
54 |
0.057 |
Cement (Portland clinker) |
0.67 |
1920 |
0.029 |
Chalk |
0.900 | 2290 |
0.83 |
Charcoal (wood) |
0.8 |
240 |
0.05 d |
Chrome brick |
0.71 |
3200 |
1.2 |
Clay |
0.92 |
1010 |
- |
Coal |
1.3 |
1440 |
0.17 b |
Coal tars |
1.5 e |
1200 |
0.1 |
Coke (petroleum, powdered) |
1.5 f |
990 |
0.95 f |
Concrete (stone) |
0.653 |
2310 |
0.93 |
Copper (electrolytic) |
0.39 |
8910 |
393 |
Cork (granulated) |
2.03 |
90 |
0.048 g |
Material |
Specific Heat |
Density |
Thermal conductivity |
Cotton (fiber) |
1.34 |
1520 |
0.042 |
Cryolite (AlF3·3NaF) |
1.06 |
2900 |
- |
Diamond |
0.615 |
2420 |
47 |
Earth (dry and packed) |
- | 1520 |
0.064 |
Felt |
- | 300 |
0.05 |
Fireclay brick |
0.829h | 1800 |
1.00 d |
Flourspar (CaF2) |
0.88 |
3200 |
1.1 |
German silver (nickel silver) |
0.4 |
8700 |
33 |
Glass, crown (soda-lime) |
0.75 |
2470 |
1.0 i |
Glass, flint (lead) |
0.490 |
4280 |
1.4 |
Glass, Pyrex |
0.84 |
2230 |
1.0 i |
Glass, "wool" |
0.657 |
100 |
0.038 |
Gold |
0.131 |
19300 |
298 |
Graphite, "Karbate" (impervious) |
0.67 | 1870 |
130 |
Graphite, powder |
0.691 |
- |
0.183 |
Material |
Specific Heat |
Density |
Thermal conductivity |
Gypsum |
1.08 |
1250 |
0.43 |
Hemp (fiber) |
1.35 |
1490 |
- |
Ice, 32°F |
2.04 |
921 |
2.2 |
Ice, -4°F |
1.95 |
- | 2.44 |
Iron, cast |
0.50 h |
7210 |
47.8 i |
Iron, wrought |
- | 7770 |
60.4 |
Lead |
0.129 |
11320 |
34.8 |
Leather (sole) |
- | 1000 |
0.16 |
Limestone |
0.909 |
1650 |
0.93 |
Linen |
- | - | 0.09 |
Litharge (lead monoxide) |
0.23 | 7850 |
- |
Magnesia, light carbonate |
- | 210 |
- |
Magnesia, powdered |
0.980 h |
796 |
0.61 k |
Magnesite brick |
0.929 h |
2530 |
3.8 l |
Magnesium |
1.009 |
1730 |
157 |
Material |
Specific Heat |
Density |
Thermal conductivity |
Marble |
0.88 |
2590 |
2.6 |
Nickel |
0.440 |
8890 |
59.5 |
Paint, black shellac |
- | 1010 |
0.26 |
Paper |
1.3 | 930 |
0.13 |
Paraffin |
2.9 |
900 |
0.24 b |
Plaster |
- | 2110 |
0.74 m |
Platinum |
0.13 |
21460 |
69.1 |
Porcelain |
0.75 |
2590 |
2.2 |
Pyrites, copper |
0.548 |
4200 |
- |
Pyrites, iron |
0.569 n |
4970 |
- |
Rock salt |
0.917 |
2180 |
- |
Rubber, vulcanized (soft) |
2.0 |
1100 |
0.14 |
Rubber, vulcanized (hard) |
- | 1190 |
0.16 |
Sand |
0.8 |
1520 |
0.33 |
Sawdust |
- | 190 |
0.05 |
Material |
Specific Heat |
Density |
Thermal conductivity |
Silica |
1.32 |
2240 |
1.4 i |
Silver |
0.234 |
10500 |
424 |
Snow, freshly fallen |
- | 110 |
0.59 |
Snow, at 32°F |
- | 500 |
2.2 |
Steel, mild |
0.50 | 7830 |
45.3 |
Stone, quarried |
0.8 |
1520 |
- |
Tar, bituminous |
- | 1200 |
0.71 |
Tar, pitch |
2.5 |
1070 |
0.88 |
Tin |
0.233 |
7290 |
64.9 |
Tungsten |
0.13 |
19380 |
201 |
Wood, hardwoods, white ash |
1.9 to 2.7 |
690 |
0.172 |
Wood, hardwoods, American elm |
1.9 to 2.7 |
580 |
0.153 |
Wood, hardwoods, hickory |
1.9 to 2.7 |
800 |
- |
Wood, hardwoods, mahogany |
1.9 to 2.7 |
540 |
0.130 |
Wood, hardwoods, sugar maple |
1.9 to 2.7 |
720 |
0.187 |
Material |
Specific Heat |
Density |
Thermal conductivity |
Wood, hardwoods, white oak |
2.4 |
750 |
0.177 |
Wood, hardwoods, black walnut |
1.9 to 2.7 |
620 |
- |
Wood, softwoods, white fir |
- | 430 |
0.118 |
Wood, softwoods, white pine |
- | 430 |
0.109 |
Wood, softwoods, spruce |
- | 420 |
0.112 |
Wool, fabric |
- | 110 to 330 |
0.036 to 0.064 |
Wool, fiber |
1.36 |
1310 |
- |
Zinc, cast |
0.39 |
7130 |
112 |
Zinc, hot-rolled |
0.39 |
7130 |
107 |
aat 50°C bat 0°C cat -17°C |
dat 200°C eat 40°C fat 400°C |
gat -5°C hat 100°C iat 93°C |
jat 54°C kat 47°C lat 204°C |
mat 75°C nat 69°C |