I. Fundamentals

3. Structures of Smart Transducers

Multilayers, bimorphs, and other composite structures are popularly utilized in piezoelectric transducers. To the contrary, magnetostrictors require a magnetic coil with bias magnetic field and mechanical stress. Using piezoelectrically resonating mode, ultrasonic motors can be designed.

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3. Structures of Smart Transducers
3.1 Design Classification

3.2 Multilayers
3.3 Unimorph/Bimorph

3.4 Monie/Cymbal
3.5 Displacement Amplification Mechanisms
3.6 Ultrasonic Motor

3.7 Underwater Transducer

Piezoelectric Multilayer Actuator

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