For a long time, enzymes have been studied by measuring their activity, which has led to the advancement of "enzyme kinetics." In recent years, the mechanism of enzyme reaction has been explained in detail on the basis of the 3D structure. Genetic engineering and the 3D structural analysis of enzymes contribute to these advancements in enzymology. This book starts with an introduction to various enzymes to show how interesting enzymes are, which is followed by historical kinetic studies on enzymes and the overall and rapid-reaction kinetics. The subsequent topics describe the basics of protein structure, the control of enzyme activity, and the purification of enzymes. A case on the kinetic and structural studies of l-phenylalanine oxidase is also presented. There are many good books on enzyme kinetics, but few describe their kinetic and structural aspects. This book deals with both and contains many references that can be good sources for further reading. It is handy and is especially helpful for beginners. A number of figures, including some with stereo expression, facilitate observing the 3D structure of enzymes.
Preface
Chapter One
Introduction
General properties of enzyme
Examples of enzyme
References
Chapter Two
Overall reaction kinetics
Road to the steady state kinetics
Demonstration of the enzyme-substrate complex
Meaning of steady state
Kinetic parameters
Problems
References
Chapter Three
Factors affecting on the enzyme activity
Enzyme
Substrate concentration
Inhibitor
Problems
References
Chapter Four
Effect of pH, temperature, and high pressure on the enzymatic activity
Effect of pH
Thermodynamics in the enzymatic reaction
Temperature dependence of the enzymatic reaction
Effect of pressure
Effect of temperature and pressure on α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed reaction
Problems
References
Chapter Five
Measurements of individual rate constants
Rapid mixing techniques
Analysis of the first-order reaction
Problems
References
Chapter Six
Structure of proteins
Amino Acids
Polypeptide and protein
Analysis of primary structure
Three dimensional structure
Tertiary and quaternary structures
Structural motif and loop
Problems
References
Chapter Seven
Active site structure
Active site and active center
Cofactor, coenzyme, prosthetic group
Search of active site
Examples of active site studies
Problems
References
Control of enzyme activity
Regulation by non-covalent interaction
Regulation by covalent Modification
Problems
References
Chapter Nine
Preparation of enzyme
Extraction of enzyme
Purification of enzyme
Purity analysis of enzyme
Problems
References
Chapter Ten
A case study: L-Phenylalanine ocidase (deaminating and decarboxylating)
Introduction
Preparation of PAO
Catalytic properties of PAO
Molecular Properties of PAO
Physiological role of PAO
Problems
References
Appendix
Derivation of the rate equation by King-Altman’s method
Physical constants
Conversion of units
Greek numbers and alphabet
Useful softwares and data banks
Genetic code
Solutions for problems
Index
Biography
Haruo Suzuki is professor emeritus at Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan, a councilor of the Japanese Biochemical Society, and a member of the Japan Society for Bioscience Biotechnology and Agrochemistry. A biochemist, he graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, in 1966 and received his DSc from the Division of Biophysics and Biochemistry, the Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, in 1971. He worked as a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, from 1971 to 1973. He worked at the Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Prefectural Colony, Japan, from 1973 to 1978, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Japan, from 1978 to 1994, and Kitasato University School of Science from 1994 to 2007. Prof. Suzuki’s research interests focus on the computer analysis (QM/MD) of enzyme catalysis.
"The enzyme is a classic but very important material that everybody in the field of biology, medicinal chemistry, biotechnology, and medicine must be familiar with. It is the extreme feature of protein that works in the cells. This concise book covers classic and modern enzymology and, therefore, is an excellent guide for those who possess the basic knowledge of chemistry and want to proceed to advanced courses."
—Prof. Takeshi Nishino, University of Tokyo, Japan
"This carefully written book provides very useful information on enzymes and will immensely benefit not only undergraduate and graduate students but also researchers interested in enzymes."
—Dr. Hitoshi Nakamoto, Saitama University, Japan