1st Edition

How Enzymes Work From Structure to Function

By Haruo Suzuki Copyright 2015
    234 Pages 18 Color & 105 B/W Illustrations
    by Jenny Stanford Publishing

    For a long time, enzymes have been studied by measuring their activity, which has led to the advancement of "enzyme kinetics." In recent years, the mechanism of enzyme reaction has been explained in detail on the basis of the 3D structure. Genetic engineering and the 3D structural analysis of enzymes contribute to these advancements in enzymology. This book starts with an introduction to various enzymes to show how interesting enzymes are, which is followed by historical kinetic studies on enzymes and the overall and rapid-reaction kinetics. The subsequent topics describe the basics of protein structure, the control of enzyme activity, and the purification of enzymes. A case on the kinetic and structural studies of l-phenylalanine oxidase is also presented. There are many good books on enzyme kinetics, but few describe their kinetic and structural aspects. This book deals with both and contains many references that can be good sources for further reading. It is handy and is especially helpful for beginners. A number of figures, including some with stereo expression, facilitate observing the 3D structure of enzymes.

    Preface

    Chapter One

    Introduction

    General properties of enzyme

    Examples of enzyme

    References

    Chapter Two

    Overall reaction kinetics

    Road to the steady state kinetics

    Demonstration of the enzyme-substrate complex

    Meaning of steady state

    Kinetic parameters

    Problems

    References

    Chapter Three

    Factors affecting on the enzyme activity

    Enzyme

    Substrate concentration

    Inhibitor

    Problems

    References

    Chapter Four

    Effect of pH, temperature, and high pressure on the enzymatic activity

    Effect of pH

    Thermodynamics in the enzymatic reaction

    Temperature dependence of the enzymatic reaction

    Effect of pressure

    Effect of temperature and pressure on α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed reaction

    Problems

    References

    Chapter Five

    Measurements of individual rate constants

    Rapid mixing techniques

    Analysis of the first-order reaction

    Problems

    References

    Chapter Six

    Structure of proteins

    Amino Acids

    Polypeptide and protein

    Analysis of primary structure

    Three dimensional structure

    Tertiary and quaternary structures

    Structural motif and loop

    Problems

    References

    Chapter Seven

    Active site structure

    Active site and active center

    Cofactor, coenzyme, prosthetic group

    Search of active site

    Examples of active site studies

    Problems

    References

    Control of enzyme activity

    Regulation by non-covalent interaction

    Regulation by covalent Modification

    Problems

    References

    Chapter Nine

    Preparation of enzyme

    Extraction of enzyme

    Purification of enzyme

    Purity analysis of enzyme

    Problems

    References

    Chapter Ten

    A case study: L-Phenylalanine ocidase (deaminating and decarboxylating)

    Introduction

    Preparation of PAO

    Catalytic properties of PAO

    Molecular Properties of PAO

    Physiological role of PAO

    Problems

    References

    Appendix

    Derivation of the rate equation by King-Altman’s method

    Physical constants

    Conversion of units

    Greek numbers and alphabet

    Useful softwares and data banks

    Genetic code

    Solutions for problems

    Index

    Biography

    Haruo Suzuki is professor emeritus at Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan, a councilor of the Japanese Biochemical Society, and a member of the Japan Society for Bioscience Biotechnology and Agrochemistry. A biochemist, he graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, in 1966 and received his DSc from the Division of Biophysics and Biochemistry, the Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, in 1971. He worked as a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, from 1971 to 1973. He worked at the Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Prefectural Colony, Japan, from 1973 to 1978, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Japan, from 1978 to 1994, and Kitasato University School of Science from 1994 to 2007. Prof. Suzuki’s research interests focus on the computer analysis (QM/MD) of enzyme catalysis.

    "The enzyme is a classic but very important material that everybody in the field of biology, medicinal chemistry, biotechnology, and medicine must be familiar with. It is the extreme feature of protein that works in the cells. This concise book covers classic and modern enzymology and, therefore, is an excellent guide for those who possess the basic knowledge of chemistry and want to proceed to advanced courses."

    —Prof. Takeshi Nishino, University of Tokyo, Japan

    "This carefully written book provides very useful information on enzymes and will immensely benefit not only undergraduate and graduate students but also researchers interested in enzymes."

    —Dr. Hitoshi Nakamoto, Saitama University, Japan