1816 Pages
    by Routledge

    I reckon I got to light out for the Territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally she's going to adopt me and sivilize me and I can't stand it. I been there before. It is evidence of Twain's greatness that these last two sentences from Huckleberry Finn still say something fundamental about the American experience. For instance, in the 1990s, they are re-enacted in the closing moments of the movie Thelma and Louise , a film which reworks Huckleberry Finn 's themes of fleeting love, exploitation, betrayal, injustice, and murderous violence all lurking in the promise of New World space. The missed opportunity is tragic when it is not comic. It was the originality and centrality of Twain that William Dean Howells had in mind when he described Twain as sole, incomparable, the Lincoln of our literature. By the 1920s, however, Van Wyck Brooks found little to celebrate in Twain's literary career. In a famous American critical contest, he was answered by Bernard DeVoto, for whom no other writer contemporary with Twain touched American life in so many places. Volume I offers three essential biographies by William Dean Howells, Albert Bigelow Paine, and Twain's daughter, Clara Clemens. Volume II contains contemporary reviews and responses to Twain's work, arranged chronologically by title and concludes with a large section of assessments by approximately forty other creative writers. Volume III presents critical essays on all of Twain's essential works, grouped chronologically by title. Volume IV offers a twentieth-century overview of Twain, covering central themes such as The Frontier and the West; Mark Twain's Humor; The South, Slavery and Race; and Mark Twain and Sexuality. It concludes with a number of general essays.

    VOLUME I:

    Three Biographical Responses

    Introduction

    Chronology of Twain's Life

    Bibliography: Twain's Major Works

    Bibliography: The Critical Response

    Chronological List of Criticism Included

    Acknowledgements

    1. WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, My Mark Twain: Reminiscences and
    2. Criticisms, (New York, London, 1910)

    3. ALBERT BIGELOW PAINE, Mark Twain: A Bior;raphy, The Personal
    4. and Literary Life of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 3 vols (New York and London, 1912)

    5. CLARACLEMENS, MyFather, Mark Twain, (NewYorkand
    6. London, 1931)

      VOLUME II:

      Contemporary Reviews; Creative Writers' Responses

      The Innocents Abroad, or the New Pilgrim's Progress (1869)

    7. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Nation, IX, 2 Sept. 1869, pp. 194-5
    8. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Packard's Monthly, II, Oct. 1869,
    9. pp.318-19

    10. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Buffalo Express, 16 Oct. 1869
    11. TOM FOLIO, Evening Transcript, (Boston), 15 Dec. 1869, p. 1
    12. WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'The Innocents Abroad', Atlantic
    13. Monthly, XXIV, Dec. 1869, pp. 764-6

    14. BRET HARTE, Overland Monthly, IV,Jan. 1870, pp. 100-1
    15. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Athenaeum, No. 2239, 24 Sept. 1870,
      1. 395-6

    16. ANONYMOL'S REVIEW, Saturday Review, (London), XXX, 8 Oct.
    17. 1870,pp.467-8

      Roughing It (1872)

    18. ANONYMOL'S REVIEW, 'Uncivilised America', Manchester
    19. Guardian, 6 March 1872, p. 7

    20. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Overland Monthly, VIIl,June 1872,
    21. pp.580-1

    22. \\1LLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, Atlantic Monthly, XXIX,June 1872,
      1. 48-9

      The GildedAge (1873)

    23. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Novels of the Week', The Athenaeum,
    24. No.2411, l0Jan. 1874,p.53

    25. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Graphic, (London), IX, 28 Feb. 1874,
    26. p. 199

    27. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'The Gilded Age', Old and New, (Boston),
    28. IX, March 1874, pp. 386-8

    29. \\1LLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'The Play from The Gilded Age',
    30. Atlantic Monthly,June 1875; reprinted in My Mark Twain: Reminiscences and Criticisms, (New York and London, 1910), pp.115-19

      Sketches, New and Old (1875)

    31. \\1LLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'Mark Twain's Sketches, New and Old',
    32. Atlantic Month{}; XXXVI, Dec. 1875, pp. 749-51

    33. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'American Literature', The Saturday
    34. Review, (London), XLI, 29Jan. 1876, p. 154

      The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)

    35. \\1LLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer',
    36. Atlantic A1onth{l; XXXVII, May 1876, pp. 621-2

    37. .-\:'\'Ol\'YMOL'S RE\1EW, [Moncure D. Conway], The Examine,;
    38. 17June 1876, pp. 687-8

    39. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 2539, 24June 1876,
    40. p.851

    41. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Times, 28 Aug. 1876, p. 4
    42. ANONThfOUSREVIEW, New York Times, 13Jan. 1877, p. 3
    43. A Tramp Abroad (1880)

    44. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Saturday Review, XLIX, 17 April 1880,
      1. 514-15

    45. ANONYMOUS REVIEW [William Ernest Henley], The Athenaeum,
    46. No. 2739, 24 April 1880, pp. 529-30

    47. WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, The Atlantic Monthly, XLV, May 1880,
    48. pp.686 8

      The Prince and the Pauper (1881-2)

    49. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Athenaeum, No. 2826, 24 Dec. 1881,
    50. p.849

    51. ANONYMOUS REVIEW [H. H. Boyesen], 'Mark Twain's New
    52. Departure', The Atlantic Monthly, XLVIII, Dec. 1881, pp.843-5

    53. E. PURCELL, The Academy, XX, 24 Dec. 1881, p. 469
    54. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Century Magazine, XXIII, March 1882,
      1. 783-4

      The Stolen White Elephant (1882)

    55. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 2852, 24June 1882,
    56. p.795

    57. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Graphic, XXVI, 15July 1882, p. 62
    58. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Westminster Review, ns LXII, Oct. 1882,
      1. 576 7

      Life on the Mississippi (1883)

    59. LAFCADIO HEARN, Times Democrat, (New Orleans), 30 May
    60. 1882,p.4

    61. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 2901, 2June 1883,
      1. 694-5

    62. ROBERT BROWN, The Academy, XXIV, 28July 1883, p. 58
    63. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Graphic, XXVIII, 1 Sept. 1883, p. 231
    64. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884-5)

    65. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Athenaeum, No. 2983, 27 Dec. 1884,
    66. p.855

    67. ANONYMOUS REVIEW [Brander Matthews], Saturday Review,
    68. LIX,31Jan. 1885,pp.153-4

    69. ANONYMOUS REVIEW [Robert Bridges], 'Mark Twain's
    70. Blood-curdling Humor', Life, V, 26 Feb. 1885, p. 119

    71. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Modern Comic Literature', Saturday
    72. Review, (London), LIX, 7 March 1885, pp. 301-2

    73. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Westminster Review, ns LXVII, April 1885,
      1. 596 7

    74. THOMAS SERGEANT PERRY, 'Mark Twain', Century Magazine,
    75. XXX, May 1885, pp. 171-2

    76. VICTOR FISCHER, 'Huck Finn Reviewed: The Reception of
    77. HuckkberryFinnin the United States, 1885-97', American Literary Realism, 1870-1910, XVI, Spring, 1983, pp.1-57

      A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889)

    78. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Sunday Herald, (Boston), 15 Dec. 1889,
    79. p.17

    80. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Didactic Humorists', Speaker, I, 11Jan.
    81. 1890,pp.49-50

    82. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Daily Tekgraph, (London), 13Jan. 1890
    83. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Scot's Observer, VII, lJan. 1890, p. 10
    84. WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, Harper's Monthly, LXXX,Jan. 1890,
    85. pp.319-21

    86. DESMOND O'BRIEN, Truth, XXVII, 2Jan. 1890, p. 25
    87. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 3251, 15 Feb. 1890,

    p.211

    54, ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Literary World, (Boston), XXI, 15 Feb,

    1890,pp.52-3

    1. WILLIAM T. STEAD, 'Mark Twain's New Book; A Satirical Attack
    2. on English Institutions', Review of Reviews I, Feb. 1890, pp.144-56

    3. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Plumas National, (Quincy, California),
    4. 5July 1890, p. 2

       

       

       

      The American Claimant (1892)

    5. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Academy, XLII, 29 Oct. 1892, p. 386
    6. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Bookman, (London), III, Nov. 1892,
    7. p.60

    8. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Spectator, (Supplement), No. 3360,
    9. Nov. 1892, p. 714

      The £1,000,000 Bank-note (1893)

    10. ANONYMOUS REVIEWS, The Bookman, (London), IV,June 1893,
    11. p.91

    12. GEORGE SAINTSBURY, The Academy, XLIV, 8 July 1893, p. 28
    13. The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894)

    14. ANONYMOUS REVIEW [William Livingston Alden], 'The Book

    Hunter', The Idler, VI, Aug. 1894, pp. 213-24

    62. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Athenaeum, No. 3508, 19Jan. 1895,

    pp. 83-4

    1. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Critic, XXVI, 11 May 1895, pp. 338-9
    2. Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894)

    3. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 3474, 26 May 1894,
    4. p.676

    5. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Bookman, (London) ,June 1894,
    6. pp. 89-90

    7. E. K. CHAMBERS, The Academy, XLVI, 14July 1894, p. 27
    8. Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (1896)

    9. WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, 'Joan of Arc', Harper's Weekly, XLI,
    10. 30 May 1896, pp. 335-9

    11. WILLIAM PETERFIELD TRENT, 'Mark Twain as an Historical
    12. Novelist', The Bookman, (New York), III, May 1896,

      pp. 207-10

       

       

       

      Tom Sawyer Detective, and Other Tales (1896)

    13. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Academy, LI, 2Jan. 1897, p.18
    14. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 3617, 20 Feb. 1897,
    15. p.244

      Following the Equator, or More Tramps Abroad (1897)

    16. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Facts versus Fun', The Academy, Lil,
    17. 11 Dec. 1897, pp. 519-20

    18. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Speaker, XVI, 11 Dec. 1897, p. 671
    19. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, Saturday Review (London), LXXXV,
    20. 29Jan. 1898,p.153

    21. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Critic, XXXII, 5 Feb. 1898, pp. 89-90
    22. HIRAMM. STANLEY, The Dial, XXIV, 16 March 1898, pp.186-7
    23. The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg, and Other Stories (1900)

    24. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Mark's New Way: The Afan that Corrupted
    25. Hadleyburg', The Academy, LIX, 29 Sept. 1900, pp. 258-9

    26. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, 'Mark Twain's Aftermath: The Man that
    27. CorruptedHadleyburg', The Outlook, VI, 29 Sept., 1900, p. 280

    28. WILLIAM ARCHER, 'The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg- 'A
    29. New Parable', The Critic, XXXVII, Nov. 1900, pp. 413-15

      A Double-barrelled Detective Story (1902)

    30. ANONYMOUS REVIEW, The Saturday Review, (London), XCIV,
    31. 2 Aug. 1902, p.147

    32. ANONYMOUSRE\'IEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 3901, 2 Aug. 1902,
    33. p.152

      Extracts from Adam's Diary (1904)

    34. ANOl\'YMOCS RE\'IEW [Harry Thurston Peck], 'Mark Twain at
    35. Ebb Tide', The Bookman, (New York), XIX, May 1904,

      pp. 235-6

    36. .-\NOl\'ThlOCS RE\'IEW, 'Mark Twain's Latest', The Spertat01;
    37. XCII, 11June 1904, pp. 925-6

      King Leopold's Soliloquy (1905)

    38. At\'ONYMOL'SREVIEW, TheAthenaeum, No. 4153, ljune 1907,
    39. p.664

    40. ANONYMOL'SREVIEW, Punch, CXXXII, 19June 1907, p. 451
    41. ANONYMOL'SREVIEW, The Bookman, (London), XXXII,July
    42. 1907, p. 150

      What is Man? (1906)

    43. JOHN ADAMS, 'Mark Twain as Psychologist', The Bookman,
    44. (London), XXXIX, March 1911, pp. 270-2

      Is Shakespeare Dead? (1909)

    45. H. L. MENCKEN, Smart Set, XXVIII, Aug. 1909, p.157
    46. Extract From Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven ( 1909)

    47. ANONYMOUS REVIEW,' Captain Stonnfield's Visit to Heaven', The
    48. Literary Digest, XL, lJan. 1910, p. 33

      Mark Twain's Autobiography (1924)

    49. At\'ONYMOl!S REVIEW, 'Mark Twain's Autobiography', The Times
    50. LiterarJ SupjJlement, 6 Nov. 1924, p. 701

    51. LEONARD WOOU 'The World of Books', The Nation & The
    52. Athenaeurn, XXXVI, 8 Nov. 1924, p. 217

      The Florida Edition of Mark Twain (1925)

    53. LEONARD WOOLF, 'The World of Books', The Nation & The
    54. Athenaeum', XXXVI, 26 Sept. 1925, p. 765

      Creative Writers' Responses

    55. HENRY ADAMS, Letter to Elizabeth Cameron, 8 April 190 l; in
    56. Worthington Chauncey Ford (ed.), Letters of HenrJ Adams,

      (Boston and New York, 1938), pp. 326-7

    57. SHERWOOD ANDERSON, Letters to Van Wyck Brooks, April
    58. 1918-July 1923; in Howard Mumford Jones (ed.), Letters of Sherwood Anderson, (Kraus Reprint, New York, 1969),

      pp. 30-47, 104

    59. MATTHEW ARNOLD, 'A Word About America'; in Civilisation in
    60. the United States: First and Last Impressions, (Boston, 1888),

      pp. 91-2

    61. W.H.AUDEN, 'Huck and Oliver', TheListener,L,Oct.1953,
    62. pp. 540-1

    63. CHARLIE REILLY, 'An Interview with John Barth', Contemporary
    64. Literature, XXII, Winter, 1981, pp.1-23

    65. ARNOLD BENNETT, Comment on Mark Twain, Bookman,
    66. (London), XXXVIII,June 1910, p.118

    67. WALTER BESANT, 'My Favourite Novelist and His Best Book',
    68. Munsey's Magazine, XVIII, Feb. 1898, pp. 659-64

    69. CAREYMcWILLIAMS, Abrose Bierce: A Biography, (Archon Books,
    70. 1967), p. 88

    71. MALCOLM BRADBURY, 'Mark Twain in the Gilded Age', The
    72. Critical Quarterly, XI, Spring, 1969, pp. 65-73

    73. GEORGE WASHINGTON CABLE, Speech at the Memorial
    74. Service for Mark Twain, 30 November 1910, Proceedings of the American Academy and Nationallnstitute (1911),

      pp. 21-4

    75. G.K.CHESTERTON, 'Mark Twain', T. P.'s Weekly, 19April 1910,
    76. pp.535-6

    77. DAVID LEON HIGDON, 'Conrad and Mark Twain: A Newly
    78. Discovered Essay', journal of Modern Literature, XII,July 1985,

      pp. 354-61

    79. THEODORE DREISER, 'Mark the Double Twain', English journal,
    80. XXIV, Oct. 1935, pp. 615-26

    81. T. s. ELIOT, Introduction to Huck/,eberryFinn, The Cresset
    82. Press, (London, 1950), pp. vii-xvi. 'American Literature and the American Language', an Address delivered at Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 9June 1953; reprinted in To Criticize the Critic and Other Writings, (London, 1965), pp. 43-60

    83. RALPH ELLISON, 'The Seer and the Seen' (1946); 'Change the
    84. Joke and Slip the Yoke' (1958); 'Some Questions and Some Answers' (1958). All reprinted in Shadow and Act, (New York, 1964),pp.24-44,45-59,261-72

    85. JAMEST.FARRELL, 'MarkTwain'sHuck/,eberryFinnand Tom

    Sawyer', The League of Frightened Philistines and Other Papers,

    (New York, 1945), pp. 25-30

    109.

    WILLIAM FAULKNER, 'Classroom Statements at the University

    of Mississippi' (1947); 'Interviews in Japan' (1955); in James

    B. Meriwether and Michael Millgate (eds), Lion in the Garden:

    Interviews with WilliamFaulkner, 1926-1962, (NewYork, 1968),

    ll0.

    pp.56, 137

    F. SCOTT FITZGERALD, '10 Best Books I Have Read',Jersey City

     

    Journal (24 April 1923); [The Centenary of Mark Twain's

    Birth, 1935], Fitzgerald Newsletter, No. 8, Winter, 1960; Letter

    to Morton Kroll, (9 Aug. 1939), Andrew Turnbull (ed.), The

    ll 1.

    Letters ofF Scott Fitzgerald, (London, 1964), p. 593

    HAMLIN GARIAND, 'Tributes to Mark Twain', North American

     

     

    112.

    Review, CXCI,June 1910, pp. 833-4

    HENRYHARIAND, 'Mark Twain', Daily Chronicle, (London),

     

    ll Dec. 1899

    ll 3.

    JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS,Julia Collier Harris, The Life and

    114.

    Letters ofJoel Chandler Harris, (London, 1919), pp. 168-9

    ERNEST HEMINGWAY, Green Hills of Africa, (New York, 1935),

     

     

    115.

    pp. 22-3

    LANGSTON HUGHES, 'Introduction' to Pudd'nhead Wilson,

     

    (Bantam Books, New York, 1959), pp. vii-xiii

    116.

    WILLIAMJAMES, Letter toJosiah Royce, 18 Dec. 1892; Letter to

    Francis Boot, 30Jan. 1893; Letter to HenryJames and

    WilliamJames,Jr, Feb. 1907, HenryJames (ed.), The Letters of

    William]ames, (Boston, 1920), I, pp. 333, 341-2, II, p. 264

    117.

    RUDYARD KIPLING, 'An Interview with Mark Twain', From Sea to

    Sea, (London, 1900), pp. 182-98

    118.

    D. H. LAWRENCE, 'Max Havelaar, by E. D. Dekker (Multatuli,

    pseud.) ', Edward D. McDonald (ed.), Phoenix: The Posthumous

    Papers ofD. H. Lawrence, (London, 1936), pp. 236-9

    ll9.

    VACHEL LINDSAY, 'The Raft', The Chinese Nightingale and Other

    Poems, (New York, 1917), pp. 71-4

    120.

    NORMAN MAILER, 'Huck Finn, Alive at 100', The New York Times

    121.

    Book Review, LXXXIX, 9 Dec. 1984, pp. 1, 36-7

    EDGAR LEE MASTERS, Mark Twain: A Portrait, (New York, 1938),

     

    pp.85-102,240-2

    122.

    W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM, 'The Classic Books of America', The

    Saturday Evening Post, 6 Jan. 1940, pp. 29, 64-6

    123.

    H. L. MENCKEN, 'The Burden of Humor', Smart Set, Feb. 1913,

    pp.151-4; 'The Man Within', Smart Set, Oct. 1919,

    pp.139-43

    124.

    WRIGHT MORRIS, 'The Available Past: Mark Twain', The

    Territory Ahead: Critical Interpretations of American Literature,

    (New York, 1958), pp. 79-90; Foreword to Pudd'nhead Wilson,

    (New American Library, New York, 1964), pp. vii-xvii

    1. GEORGE ORWELL, 'Mark Twain-The Licensed Jester',
    2. Tribune, 26 Nm·. 1943

    3. \'. S. PRITCHETT, 'Books in General', New Statesman and Nation,
    4. CXIII, 2Aug. 1941, p.113

    5. BERNARD SHAW, 'Mark Twain and Joan of Arc', Preface to
    6. Stjoan, (New York, London, 1924), pp.xxv-xli

    7. UPTON SINClAIR, 'The Uncrowned King', Mammonart: An
    8. Essay in Eronomir Interpretation, (Pasadena, 1924), pp. 326-33

    9. BOOTH TARKINGTON, 'Tributes to Mark Twain', North
    10. American Review, CXCI,June 1910, pp. 830-1

    11. ALLEN TATE, 'A Southern Mode of Imagination', (1959),
    12. Essays a/Four Decades, (Chicago, 1968), pp. 577-92

    13. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON, 'Tributes to Mark Twain', North
    14. American Review, CXCI,June 1910, pp. 828-30

    15. THOl'vU\.S WOLFE, Letter to Sherwood Anderson, 22 Sept. 1937,
    16. Elizabeth Nowell (ed.), Selected Letters of Thomas Wolfe,

      (London, 1958),pp.283-6

    17. ROBERT PE"1N WARREN, 'Mark Twain', The Southern Review,
    18. VIII, Summer, 1972, pp. 459-92

    19. HERMAN \.\'OUK, 'America's Voice is Mark Twain's', San
    20. Francisco Chronicle, 5 Aug. 1956, p. 20

      VOLUME III:

      Critical Essays

      'The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County' (1867)

    21. S.J. KRAUSE, 'The Art and Satire of Twain's 'Jumping Frog"
    22. Story', American Quarterl); XVI, Winter, 1964, pp. 562-76.

    23. EDGAR M. BRANCH, '"My Voice is still for Setchell": A
    24. Background Study of 'Jim Smiley and hisJumping Frog"',

      PMLA, LXXXII, December 1967, pp. 591-601

      The Innocents Abroad, or the New Pilgrim's Progress (1869)

    25. LESLIE:\. FIEDLER, 'An American Abroad', Partisan Review,
    26. XXXIII, \'\'inter, 1966, pp. 77-91

    27. ROBERT EDSON LEE, From Hes/ to East: Studies in the Literature of
    28. the A.me1iran West, (Urbana and London, 1966), pp. 98-9

    29. FORREST G. ROBI:S:SOl\, 'Patterns of Consciousness in The
    30. Innocents A.broad', A.11mira n Literature, L\1II, March 1986,

      pp. 46-63

      Roughing It (1872)

    31. HENRY NASH SMITH, 'Mark Twain as an Interpreter of the Far
    32. West: The Structure of Roughing It'; in Walker D. Wyman and Clifton B. Kroebes (eds), The Frontier in Perspective, (Madison, 1957), pp. 206-27

    33. LEE CLARK MITCHELL, 'Verbally Roughing It: The West of
    34. Words', Nineteenth Century Literature, XLIV, June 1989, pp.67-92

    35. TOM H. TOWERS, '"Hateful Reality": The Failure of the
    36. Territory in Roughing It', Western American Literature, IX, May 1974,pp.3-15

      The Gilded Age (1873)

    37. PHILIPS. FONER, 'The Gilded Age'; from Mark Twain Social
    38. Critic, (New York, 1958), pp. 110-34

    39. JUSTIN D. KAPU\N, Introduction to The Gilded Age,
    40. (Washington Paperback Edition, Seattle and London, 1968)

      'Old Times on the Mississippi' (1875)

      Life on the Mississippi (1883)

    41. PAUL SCHMIDT, 'River vs Town: Mark Twain's "Old Times on
    42. the Mississippi"', Nineteenth Century Fiction, XV,June 1960, pp.95-111

    43. DEWEYGANZEL, 'Twain, Travel Books, and Life on the
    44. Mississippi', American Literature, XXXIV, March 1962, pp.40-55

    45. MARILYN IANC-\STER, 'Twain's Search for Reality in Life on the
    46. MississipjJi, The Midwest Quarterly, XXXIII, Winter, 1992,

      pp. 210-21

      The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)

    47. HAMLIN L. HILL, 'The Composition and the Structure of Tom
    48. Sawyer', American Literature, XXXIl,Jan. 1961, pp. 379-92

    49. BERNARD DEVOTO, 'The Phantasy of Boyhood: Tom Sawyer';
    50. from Mark Twain at Work, (Cambridge, Mass., 1942), pp. 3-24

    51. TOM H. TOWERS, '"I Never Thought We Might Want to Come
    52. Back": Strategies of Transcendence in Tom Sawyer', Modern Fiction Studies, XXI, Winter, 1975, pp. 509-20

    53. CYNTHIA GRIFFIN WOLFF, 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer: A
    54. Nightmare Vision of American Boyhood', The Massachusetts Review, XXI, Winter, 1980, pp. 637-52

      The Prince and the Pauper (1881-2)

    55. FRANKLIN R. ROGERS, 'The Craft of the Novel'; from Mark
    56. Twain's Burlesque Patterns, (Dallas, 1960), pp. 113-27

    57. ROBERT REGAN, 'Dreams and Glory'; from Unpromising Heroes:
    58. Mark Twain and His Characters, (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1966), pp. 143-54

    59. LOUIS]. BL'DD, 'The Year of Jubilee'; from Our Mark Twain:
    60. The Making of His Public Personality, (Philadelphia, 1983),

      pp. 86-7

      Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884-5)

    61. LESLIE A. FIEDLER, 'Come Back to the RaftAg'in, Huck
    62. Honey!', Partisan Review, XV, June 1948, pp. 269-76

    63. LIONEL TRILLING, Introduction to The Adventures of Huckleberry
    64. Finn, (Rinehart Editions, New York, 1948)

    65. LEO MARX, 'Mr Eliot, Mr Trilling, and Huckleberry Finn', The
    66. American Scholar, XXII, (Autumn, 1953), pp. 423-40

    67. JAMES M. cox, 'Remarks on the Sad Initiation of Huckleberry
    68. Finn', Swanee Review, LXII,July-Sept. 1954, pp. 389-405

    69. WILLIAM \'AN O'CONNOR, 'Why Huckleberry Finn is not the
    70. Great American Novel', College English, XVII, Oct. 1955,

      pp. 6-10

    71. WALTER BLAIR, 'When Was Huckleberry Finn Written?',
    72. American Literature, XXX, March 1958, pp.1-25

    73. LESLIE FIEDLER, 'Accommodation and Transcendence'; from
    74. Love and Death in the American Novel, (New York, 1960), pp.567-74

    75. A. E. DYSON, 'Huckleberry Finn and the Whole Truth', Critical
    76. Quarter!); III, Spring, 1961, pp. 29-40

    77. CHADV.1CKHANSEN, 'The Character of Jim and the Ending of
    78. Hucklebe,-ry Finn', The Massachusetts Review, V, Autumn, 1963,

      pp. 45-66

    79. HAROLD BEA\'ER, 'Run, Nigger, Run: Adventures of HucklebenJ
    80. Finn as a FugitiYe SlaYe Narratiye' ,Journal of American Studies,

      \111, Dec. 1974, pp. 339-61

    81. MILLICE:\'T BELL, 'HucklebenJFinn:journey Without End',
    82. Virginia Quarter(y Review, L\111, Spring, 1982, pp. 253-67

    83. JOHN H. WAUACE, 'Huckl,eberry Finn is Offensive', Washingt,on
    84. Post, 11 April 1982

    85. DAVID L. SMITH, 'Huck,Jim, and American Racial Discourse',
    86. Mark Twain journal, XXII, Fall, 1984, pp. 4-12

    87. ARNOLD RAMPERSAD, 'Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and
    88. Afro-American Literature', Mark Twainjournal, XXII, Fall, 1984,pp.47-52

      'A Private History of a Campaign that Failed' (1885)

    89. J. STANLEY MATTSON, 'Mark Twain on War and Peace: The
    90. Missouri Rebel and 'The Campaign that Failed'", American Quarterly, XX, Winter, 1968, pp. 783-94

      A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889)

    91. HOWARD G. BAETZHOLD, 'The Course of Composition of A
    92. Connecticut Yankee: A Reinterpretation', American Literature,

      XXXIII, May 1961, pp. 195-214

    93. JUDITH FETTERLEY, 'Yankee Showman and Reformer: The
    94. Character of Mark Twain's Hank Morgan', Texas Studies in Language and Literature, XIV, Winter, 1973, pp. 667-79

    95. RICHARD s. PRESSMAN, 'A Connecticut Yankee in Merlin's
    96. Cave. The Role of Contradiction in Mark Twain's Novel',

      American Literary Realism: 1870-1910, XVI, Autumn, 1983,

      pp. 58-72

      The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894)

    97. LESLIE FIEDLER, 'As Free as Any Cretur .. .', The New Republic,
    98. CXXXIII, 15 Aug. 1955, pp. 17-18; 22 Aug. 1955, pp. 16-18.

    99. F. R. LEAVIS, Introduction to Zodiac Press Edition, (London,
    100. 1955)

    101. STANLEYBRODWIN, 'Blackness and the Adamic Myth in Mark
    102. Twain's Pudd 'nhead Wilson', Texas Studies in Literature and Language, XV, Spring, 1973, pp. 167-76

    103. MYRAJEHLEN, 'The Ties that Bind: Race and Sex in
    104. Pudd 'nhead Wilson', American Literary History, II, Spring, 1990,

      pp. 39-55

      Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (1896)

    105. ALBERT E. STONE,Jr, 'Mark Twain's Joan of Arc: The Child as
    106. Goddess', American Literature, XXXI, March 1959, pp.1-20

    107. CHRISTINA ZWARG, 'Woman as Force in Twain's Joan of Arc:
    108. The Unwordable Fascination', Criticism, Winter, 1985, pp.57-72

      Following the Equator, or More Tramps Abroad (1897)

    109. MAX'v\'ELLGEISMAR, 'Failure and Triumph'; in Mark Twain: An
    110. American Prophet, (Boston, 1970), pp. 165-87

      'The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg' (1899)

    111. St:SAN K. HARRIS,' "Hadleyburg": Mark Twain's Dual Attack on
    112. Banal Theology and Banal Literature', American Literary Realism; 1870-1910, XVI, Autumn, 1983, pp. 240-52

      What is Man? (1906)

    113. SHERWOOD CUMMINGS, 'What is Man?: The Scientific
    114. Sources'; in Sydney]. Krause (ed.), Essays on Determinism in American Literature (Kent State University Press, 1964),

      pp. 108-16

      The Mysterious Stranger (1916)

    115. STANLEYBRODWIN, 'Mark Twain's Masks of Satan: The Final
    116. Phase', American Literature, XLV, May 1973, pp. 206-27

       

       

      VOLUME IV:

      Twentieth-century Overview

      The First Decade

    117. \\lLLIAl\l LYO:-- PHELPS, ''.\fark Twain', Xorth A111e1ican Review,
    118. CLXXX\',July 1907. pp. 540-8

    119. STUARTP. SHERMAN, 'Mark Twain', Nation, XC, May 1910,
    120. pp.477-80

    121. ARCHIBALD HENDERSON, 'The International Fame of Mark
    122. Twain', North American Review, CXCII, Dec. 1910, pp. 805-15

      The Brooks-DeVoto Controversy

    123. VAN \WCK BROOKS, The Ordeal of Mark Twain, (New York, 1920;
    124. revised, 1933)

    125. BERNARD DEVOTO, Mark Twain's America, (Boston, 1932)
    126. The Frontier and the West

    127. CARL VANDOREN, 'The Fruits of the Frontier', Nation, CXI,
    128. Aug. 1920, p. 189

    129. VERNONL. PARRINGTON, 'The Backwash of the Frontier'; from
    130. The Begi,nnings of Critical Realism, (New York, 1930),

      pp. 86-101

    131. GRANVILLE HICKS, 'A Banjo on My Knee'; from The Great
    132. Tradition, (New York, 1933), pp. 39-49

    133. ROBERT EDSON LEE, 'From West to East: Mark Twain'; from
    134. .From West to East: Studies in the Literature of the American West,

      (Urbana and London, 1966), pp. 82-6

    135. STEPHEN FENDER, ''The Prodigal in a Far Country Chawing of
    136. Husks": Mark Twain's Search for a Style in the West', The Modern Language Review, LXXI, Oct. 1976, pp. 737-56

      Mark Twain's Humour

    137. CONSTANCE ROURKE, from Native American Humor, (New York,
    138. 1931), pp. 211-20

    139. JOHN c. GERBER, 'Mark Twain's Use of the Comic Pose',
    140. PMLA, LXXVII,June 1962, pp. 297-304

    141. HENRY NASH SMITH, 'Two Ways of Viewing the World'; from
    142. Mark Twain: the Development of a Writer, (Cambridge, Mass., 1962),pp.1-11,20-1

    143. D. E. S. MAXWELL, 'Twain as Satirist'; from American.Fiction: The
    144. InteUectual Background, (London, 1963), pp. 192-235

    145. JAMES M. COX, Mark Twain: The Fate of Humor; (Princeton, New
    146. Jerse 1966),pp.18-24,60-7, 75,80-1, 103-4, 195-7

      The South, Slavery and Race

    147. ARLIN TURNER, 'Mark Twain and the South: An Affair of Love
    148. and Anger', The Southern Review, IV, April 1968, pp. 493-519

    149. ARTHUR G. PETTIT, 'Mark Twain's Attitude Towards the Negro
    150. in the West, 1861-67', The Western Historical Quarterly, 1,Jan. 1970,pp.51-62

    151. ARTHUR G. PETTIT, 'Mark Twain and the Negro',]ournal of
    152. Negro Histor); LVI, April 1971, pp. 88-96

    153. ARTHCR G. PETTIT, 'From Stage Nigger to Mulatto Superman:
    154. The End of Nigger Jim and the Rise of Jasper'; from Mark Twain and the South, (Lexington, 1974), pp.158-73, 210-12

    155. HELEN L. HARRIS, 'Mark Twain's Response to the Native
    156. American', American Literature, XLVI,Jan. 1975, pp. 495-505

      Mark Twain and Sexuality

    157. ALEXA1..\;DER E.JOKES, 'Mark Twain and Sexuality', PMlA,
    158. LXXI, Sept. 1956, pp. 595-616

       

       

      Mark Twain and Language

    159. DA\1D R. SE\\'ELL, '"A Lot of Rules": Mark Twain and Grammar'; from ivlark Twain's Languages: Discourse, Dialogue and Linguistir Variet); (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1987),
    160. pp. 15-36

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      Towards Conclusions

    161. GL.illYS CARMEi\: BELL\MY, 'The Four "Bases" of Mark Twain's
    162. Mind'; from ivlark Twain as a Litrrary Artist, (Norman, Oklahoma, 1950), pp. 55-64

    163. RICHARD CHASE, 'Mark Twain and the :\Tove!'; from The
    164. A.merimn Novel and Its Tradition, (New York, 1957), pp. 139-56

    165. DWIGHT MACDONALD, 'Mark Twain: An Lnsentimental
    166. Journey', The New forlw; XXX\1, 9 April 1960, pp. 160-96; reprinted in Against the Amerimn Grain, (:--;ew York, 1962), pp.80-122

    167. 1-l.\ ILI'.':HILL, ,\lark Twain: Cod'.,Fool, (:--;ewYork, 1973),
    168. pp. xxv-xnii, 42-3, 77, 84-5, 89-90. 136-7, 269-74

    169. Al.FRED KAZIN, 'Creature of Circumstances: Mark Twain';
    170. from An American Procession, (New York, 1984), pp. 181-210

    171. HAMLIN HILL, '½'ho Killed Mark Twain?', American Literary

    Realism, 1870-1910, VII, Spring, 1974, pp. 119-24

    Biography

    Stuart Hutchinson teaches at the University of Kent.

    "A necessary purchase for any American literature reference collection." -- Reference Book Review