The book begins with an introduction to the general problems of making measurements in high temperature and a presentation of chemically reacting flow systems. It describes each instrument with the various diagnostic techniques and discusses measurements that have been made in furnaces, flames, and rocket engines. The detailed measurement techniques described in this book cover a wide spectrum of applications in combustion systems, including gas turbine, rocket measurement techniques that were developed in laboratories. Information obtained on detailed temperature, velocity, particle size, and gas concentration distribution is leading to improve understanding of the chemical combustion process and to design imporvements in combustors.
Introduction
Velocity
Holography
Temperature
Joint Measurements of Velocity, Temperature, and Species Concentration
Particle Sizing
Simultaneous Particle Size and Velocity
Particle Sizing in Large Furnaces
Optical Properties of Soot and Droplets
Generalized Lorenz-Mie Theory for Light Scattering
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Coal and Char Particles
Conclusion
VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS BY LASER ANEMOMETRY, Norm Chigier
Introduction
Laser Velocimetry
Conclusions
Nomenclature
PARTICLE AND FLOW FIELD HOLOGRAPHY, J.D. TRolinger
Introduction
Holocameras and Reconstruction Systems
Holographic Interferometry
Applications
Data Reproduction
Nomenclature
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS BY LIGHT-SCATTERING METHODS, Norman M. Laurendeau
Introduction
Light-Scattering Methods: Similarities and Differences
Spontaneous Raman Scattering
Thermometry by Rayleigh Scattering
Laser-Induced Fluorescence
Planar Thermometry
Summary and Conclusions
Nomenclature
JOINT LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY AND ANEMOMETRY, D.R. Balla
Introduction
Requirement of Combustion Measurements
Raman Spectroscopy - Anemometry Integration
Sources of Error
Error Estimates and Data Reproducibility
Combustion Measurement Using Joint Raman-LDA Systems
Future Developments
Summary
Nomenclature
SPRAY DIAGNOSTICS BY LASER DIFFRACTION, J. SWITCHENBANK, J. Cao, and A.A. Hamidi
Introduction
Particle Sizing Methods
Diffraction Theory and Particle Sizing
Two-Phase Reacting Flow Calculations
Conclusions
Nomenclature
DIAGNOSTICS FOR FUEL SPRAY CHARACTERIZATION, W.D. Bachalo, A. Brena de la Rosa, and S.V. Sankar
Introduction
Brief Review of Light-Scattering Interferometry
The Phase Doppler Method
Practical Applications of Phase Doppler Method
Time-Resolved Measurements of Sprays in Turbulent Flows
Nomenclature
IN SITU PARTICLE MEASUREMENTS IN COMBUSTION ENVIRONMENTS, D.J. Holve and Patricia L. Meyer
Introduction
Instrument Configuration and Specifications
Principle of Operations
Design Criteria
Applications
Summary
Nomenclature
OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CONDENSED PHASES IN COMBUSTION SYSTEMS, A. D'Allessio, F. Beretta, and A. Cavaliere
Introduction
Theoretical Background
Optical Characterization of Soot Clouds
Determination of the Scattering Cross Sections of Single Droplets
Optical Characterization of Sprays
Nomenclature
GENERALIZED LORENZ-MIE THEORY AND APPLICATIONS TO OPTICAL SIZING, G. Gouesbet, G. Grehan, and B. Maheu
Introduction
General Formulation of the GLMT
Gaussian Beams
Numerical Computation of the Coefficients gn
Numerical Computation of the Coefficients gmn
Applications of the GLMT
Conclusion
Appendix: Useful Integral Relations
Nomenclature
FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED EMISSION/TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY IN FLAMES, P.R. Solomon and P.E. Best
Introduction
Experiment
Analysis
Results
Conclusions
Nomenclature
PARTICLE MEASUREMENTS IN COAL CHAR COMBUSTION, Ranajit Sahu and Richard C. Flagan
Introduction
Combustion Systems
Temperature Measurement
Particle Measurement
Carbon Conversion Measurements
Model Fuels
Nomenclature
Author Index
Subject Index
Biography
Norman Chigier
