3rd Edition

Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles

    572 Pages
    by CRC Press

    572 Pages
    by CRC Press

     "This book is an introduction to automotive technology, with specic reference to battery electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell electric vehicles. It could serve electrical engineers who need to know more about automobiles or automotive engineers who need to know about electrical propulsion systems. For example, this reviewer, who is a specialist in electric machinery, could use this book to better understand the automobiles for which the reviewer is designing electric drive motors. An automotive engineer, on the other hand, might use it to better understand the nature of motors and electric storage systems for application in automobiles, trucks or motorcycles.

    The early chapters of the book are accessible to technically literate people who need to know something about cars. While the rst chapter is historical in nature, the second chapter is a good introduction to automobiles, including dynamics of propulsion and braking. The third chapter discusses, in some detail, spark ignition and compression ignition (Diesel) engines. The fourth chapter discusses the nature of transmission systems.”

    —James Kirtley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA

    “The third edition covers extensive topics in modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles, in which the profound knowledge, mathematical modeling, simulations, and control are clearly presented. Featured with design of various vehicle drivetrains, as well as a multi-objective optimization software, it is an estimable work to meet the needs of automotive industry.”

    —Haiyan Henry Zhang, Purdue University, USA

    “The extensive combined experience of the authors have produced an extensive volume covering a broad range but detailed topics on the principles, design and architectures of Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles in a well-structured, clear and concise manner. The volume offers a complete overview of technologies, their selection, integration & control, as well as an interesting Technical Overview of the Toyota Prius. The technical chapters are complemented with example problems and user guides to assist the reader in practical calculations through the use of common scientic computing packages. It will be of interest mainly to research postgraduates working in this eld as well as established academic researchers, industrial R&D engineers and allied professionals.”

    —Christopher Donaghy-Sparg, Durham University, United Kingdom

    The book deals with the fundamentals, theoretical bases, and design methodologies of conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). The design methodology is described in mathematical terms, step-by-step, and the topics are approached from the overall drive train system, not just individual components. Furthermore, in explaining the design methodology of each drive train, design examples are presented with simulation results. All the chapters have been updated, and two new chapters on Mild Hybrids and Optimal Sizing and Dimensioning and Control are also included

    • Chapters updated throughout the text.

    • New homework problems, solutions, and examples.

    • Includes two new chapters.

    • Features accompanying MATLABTM software.

    1. Environmental Impact and History of Modern Transportation

    1.1 Air Pollution

    1.2 Global Warming

    1.3 Petroleum Resources

    1.4 Induced Costs

    1.5 Importance of Different Transportation Development Strategies to Future Oil Supply

    1.6 History of EVs

    1.7 History of HEVs

    1.8 History of Fuel Cell Vehicles

    References

    2. Fundamentals of Vehicle Propulsion and Brake

    2.1 General Description of Vehicle Movement

    2.2 Vehicle Resistance

    2.3 Dynamic Equation

    2.4 Tire–Ground Adhesion and Maximum Tractive Effort

    2.5 Power Train Tractive Effort and Vehicle Speed

    2.6 Vehicle Performance

    2.7 Operating Fuel Economy

    2.8 Brake Performance

    References

    3. Internal Combustion Engines

    3.1 Spark Ignition (SI) Engine

    3.2 Compression Ignition (CI) Engine

    3.3 Alternative Fuels and Alternative Fuel Engines

    References

    4. Vehicle Transmission

    4.1 Power Plant Characteristics

    4.2 Transmission Characteristics

    4.3 Manual Gear Transmission (MT)

    4.4 Automatic Transmission

    4.5 Continuously Variable Transmission

    4.6 Infinitely Variable Transmissions (IVT)

    4.7 Dedicated Hybrid Transmission (DHT)

    References

    5. Hybrid Electric Vehicles

    5.1 Concept of Hybrid Electric Drivetrains

    5.2 Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drivetrains

    References

    6. Electric Propulsion Systems

    6.1 DC Motor Drives

    6.2 Induction Motor Drives

    6.3 Permanent Magnetic BLDC Motor Drives

    6.4 SRM Drives

    References

    7. Design Principle of Series (Electrical Coupling) Hybrid Electric Drivetrain

    7.1 Operation Patterns

    7.2 Control Strategies

    7.3 Design Principles of a Series (Electrical Coupling) Hybrid Drivetrain

    7.4 Design Example

    References

    8. Parallel (Mechanically Coupled) Hybrid Electric Drivetrain Design

    8.1 Drivetrain Configuration and Design Objectives

    8.2 Control Strategies

    8.3 Parametric Design of a Drivetrain

    8.4 Simulations

    References

    9. Design and Control Methodology of Series–Parallel (Torque and Speed Coupling) Hybrid Drivetrain

    9.1 Drivetrain Configuration

    9.2 Drivetrain Control Methodology

    9.3 Drivetrain Parameters Design

    9.4 Simulation of an Example Vehicle

    References

    10. Design and Control Principles of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

    10.1 Statistics of Daily Driving Distance

    10.2 Energy Management Strategy

    10.3 Energy Storage Design

    References

    11. Mild Hybrid Electric Drivetrain Design

    11.1 Energy Consumed in Braking and Transmission

    11.2 Parallel Mild Hybrid Electric Drivetrain

    11.3 Series–Parallel Mild Hybrid Electric Drivetrain

    References

    12. Peaking Power Sources and Energy Storages

    12.1 Electrochemical Batteries

    12.2 Ultracapacitors

    12.3 Ultra-High-Speed Flywheels

    12.4 Hybridization of Energy Storages

    References

    13. Fundamentals of Regenerative Braking

    13.1 Braking Energy Consumed in Urban Driving

    13.2 Braking Energy versus Vehicle Speed

    13.3 Braking Energy versus Braking Power

    13.4 Braking Power versus Vehicle Speed

    13.5 Braking Energy versus Vehicle Deceleration Rate

    13.6 Braking Energy on Front and Rear Axles

    13.7 Brake System of EV, HEV, and FCV

    References

    14. Fuel Cells

    14.1 Operating Principles of Fuel Cells

    14.2 Electrode Potential and Current–Voltage Curve

    14.3 Fuel and Oxidant Consumption

    14.4 Fuel Cell System Characteristics

    14.5 Fuel Cell Technologies

    14.6 Fuel Supply

    14.7 Non-Hydrogen Fuel Cells

    References

    15. Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Drivetrain Design

    15.1 Configuration

    15.2 Control Strategy

    15.3 Parametric Design

    15.4 Design Example

    References

    16. Design of Series Hybrid Drivetrain for Off-Road Vehicles

    16.1 Motion Resistance

    16.2 Tracked Series Hybrid Vehicle Drivetrain Architecture

    16.3 Parametric Design of the Drivetrain

    16.4 Engine/Generator Power Design

    16.5 Power and Energy Design of Energy Storage

    References

    17. Design of Full-Size Engine HEV with Optimal Hybridization Ratio

    17.1 Design Philosophy of Full-Size Engine HEV

    17.2 Optimal Hybridization Ratio

    17.3 10–25 kW Electrical Drive Packages

    17.4 Comparison with Commercially Available Passenger Cars

    References

    18. Power Train Optimization

    18.1 Power Train Modeling Techniques

    18.2 Defining Performance Criteria

    18.3 Power Train Simulation Methods

    18.4 Modular Power Train Structure

    18.5 Optimization Problem

    18.6 Case Studies: Optimization of Power Train Topology and Component Sizing

    References

    19. A User Guide for the Multiobjective Optimization Toolbox

    19.1 About the Software

    19.2 Software Structure

    19.3 Capabilities and Limitations of the Software

    Appendix: Technical Overview of Toyota Prius

    Index

    Biography

    Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Stefano Longo, Kambiz Ebrahimi

    "This book is an introduction to automotive technology, with specific reference to battery electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell electric vehicles. It could serve electrical engineers who need to know more about automobiles or automotive engineers who need to know about electrical propulsion systems. For example, this reviewer, who is a specialist in electric machinery, could use this book to better understand the automobiles for which the reviewer is designing electric drive motors. While the first chapter is historical in nature, the second chapter is a good introduction to automobiles, including dynamics of propulsion and braking. The third chapter discusses, in some detail, spark ignition and compression ignition (Diesel) engines. The fourth chapter discusses the nature of transmission systems."
    — James Kirtley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA

    "The third edition covers extensive topics in modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles, in which the profound knowledge, mathematical modeling, simulations, and control are clearly presented. Featured with design of various vehicle drivetrains, as well as a multi-objective optimization software, it is an estimable work to meet the needs of automotive industry."
    Haiyan Henry Zhang, Purdue University, USA

    "As we make the transition to clean, low-carbon vehicles, analytics will be increasingly important to understand the environmental and performance trade-offs. Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles provides the needed analytic foundation for this vehicle revolution."
    — Daniel Kammen, University of California, Berkeley, USA

    "This book clearly explains the mechanical and electrical principles of the modern hybrid electric powertrains. It is an excellent textbook, not only for the beginners, but also for the experts."
    — Jae wan Park, University of California, Davis, USA

    "The extensive combined experience of the authors has produced an extensive text covering a broad range with detailed topics on the principles, design, and architectures of Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles in a well-structured, clear, and concise manner. The book offers a complete overview of technologies, their selection, integration & control. The technical chapters are complemented with example problems and user guides to assist the reader in practical calculations through the use of common scientific computing packages. It will be of interest mainly to research postgraduates working in this field, as well as established academic researchers, industrial R&D engineers, and allied professionals."
    — Christopher Donaghy-Spargo, Durham University, United Kingdom

    "The book is outstanding in providing a comprehensive coverage, in terms of both collection of relevant subject matters in the field, and wide span of content levels to meet needs ranging from university senior technical elective courses to practicing professionals."
    — Jerry C. Ku, Wayne State University, USA

    "This book addresses an important topic, guiding the reader through the fundamentals of longitudinal vehicle dynamics, conventional powertrains and technologies, all the way through to modern electric and electric hybrid propulsion systems. The vital components that make up the electric powertrain are described in detail, particularly traction motors, batteries, other storage technologies, and fuel cells. The subject of hybrid vehicles is a complex one, and the number of variations created by choice of components and control strategies is substantial. This book would be ideal for engineers interested to retrain to move into this subject from conventional internal combustion engines and mechanical transmissions, as well as masters and research students."
    — Keith Robert Pullen, City University of London, United Kingdom

    "This is the third edition of a well-known book. The esteemed authors have produced a very good book, which is suitable not only to researchers, but to young students wanting to study the topic of electric vehicles. It is further enhanced by the usage of MATLABTM and the numerous examples of how to properly design/optimise an EV under various configurations. Overall, I definitely recommend this book to be purchased by researchers, academics, industrialists, students, and even the general reader who wants to better understand the operation of EVs."
    Damian Giaouris, Newcastle University, United Kingdom

    "The extensive experience of the authors put in a single book is an enormous resource for any newcomer in this field. Not only is the theoretical background well covered, but the book presents an insightful practical demonstration based on actual numbers from the industry. The companion software provided with the book will help readers understand the in-depth analysis presented in the book."
    Shafiq Odhano, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom

    "This is a very welcome updated edition of a book that has become one of the leading classics on the subject. In addition to maintaining the breadth of coverage of the fundamentals, the new edition adds new chapters on fundamentals of vehicle transmission and extended coverage of regenerative braking. It also includes several new chapters that provide in depth treatment of design of series hybrid drive train for off-road vehicles, design of full-size engine HEV, and power train optimization. The book provides a very helpful user guide for a multi-objective optimization toolbox."
    — Suleiman Sharkh, University of Southampton, United Kingdom

    "This is one of the best available books in the area of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). I have used this book for teaching a graduate course on ‘Advanced Propulsion for HEVs.’ The main advantage of this book centers on explaining HEV fundamentals and design tools in a simple language. The new chapters in the third edition will help readers to build up understanding and develop a framework for multi-objective optimization for design of HEVs."
    — Mahdi Shahbakhti, Michigan Technological University, USA

    "The third edition has been enhanced with three important chapters that address the issues related to modeling and design optimization of hybrid electric vehicles. These new subjects are applicable in many design problems of hybrid electric vehicles, which are multi-objective and multi-constrained problems intersecting several disciplines of engineering. A chapter on Vehicle Transmission was also added, which is important to understand and vehicle power train. Because of the projected proliferation of electrification in power trains across the industry, any automotive engineer should have a copy of this book in their personal library."
    Ciro A. Soto, Ford Motor Company & University of Michigan, USA

    "Ehsani, Gao, Longo, and Ebrahimi offer a comprehensive and careful review of current electric and hybrid technology that would be useful to practicing engineers and students alike. The text not only provides a careful survey of hybrid vehicle fundamentals and design, but it also incorporates a thorough discussion of environmental impacts of internal combustion engines, an accessible review of ICE performance characteristics, and basic information on vehicle design and aerodynamics, making this text able to provide a coherent and complete presentation for an advanced undergraduate course. I have used this text for several years in a senior‐level course, with good success. The approach is systematic and careful, but it does not get bogged down in dense calculations, allowing for an accessible progression for advanced students, while maintaining rigor and completeness that make the book useful to professionals."
    Patrick Hossay, Stockton University, New Jersey, USA

     

    "At 545 pages, this book is quite a substantial tome and for those working in this field it is an essential purchase."

    - Chromatographia-Springer (2019)