3rd Edition

Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering Analysis and Design, Third Edition

By Turan Gonen Copyright 2014
    1094 Pages 526 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design is devoted to the exploration and explanation of modern power transmission engineering theory and practice. Designed for senior-level undergraduate and beginning-level graduate students, the book serves as a text for a two-semester course or, by judicious selection, the material may be condensed into one semester. Written to promote hands-on self-study, it also makes an ideal reference for practicing engineers in the electric power utility industry.

    Basic material is explained carefully, clearly, and in detail, with multiple examples. Each new term is defined as it is introduced. Ample equations and homework problems reinforce the information presented in each chapter. A special effort is made to familiarize the reader with the vocabulary and symbols used by the industry. Plus, the addition of numerous impedance tables for overhead lines, transformers, and underground cables makes the text self-contained.

    The Third Edition is not only up to date with the latest advancements in electrical power transmission system engineering, but also:

    • Provides a detailed discussion of flexible alternating current (AC) transmission systems
    • Offers expanded coverage of the structures, equipment, and environmental impacts of transmission lines
    • Features additional examples of shunt fault analysis using MATLAB®

    Also included is a review of the methods for allocating transmission line fixed charges among joint users, new trends and regulations in transmission line construction, a guide to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) electric transmission facilities permit process and Order No. 1000, and an extensive glossary of transmission system engineering terminology.

    Covering the electrical and mechanical aspects of the field with equal detail, Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design, Third Edition supplies a solid understanding of transmission system engineering today.

    Part I: Electrical Design and Analysis
    Transmission System Planning
    Introduction
    Aging Transmission System
    Benefits of Transmission
    Power Pools
    Transmission Planning
    Traditional Transmission System Planning Techniques
    Models Used in Transmission System Planning
    Transmission Route Identification and Selection
    Traditional Transmission System Expansion Planning
    Traditional Concerns for Transmission System Planning
    New Technical Challenges
    Transmission Planning After Open Access
    Possible Future Actions by FERC
    References
    Transmission Line Structures and Equipment
    Introduction
    The Decision Process to Build a Transmission Line
    Design Tradeoffs
    Traditional Line Design Practice
    Transmission Line Structures
    Subtransmission Lines
    Transmission Substations
    SF6-Insulated Substations
    Transmission Line Conductors
    Insulators
    Substation Grounding
    Ground Conductor Sizing Factors
    Mesh Voltage Design Calculations
    Step Voltage Design Calculations
    Types of Ground Faults
    Ground Potential Rise
    Transmission Line Grounds
    Types of Grounding
    Transformer Classifications
    Environmental Impact of Transmission Lines
    Transformer Connections
    Autotransformers in Transmission Substations
    Transformer Selection
    Transformer Classifications
    References
    Fundamental Concepts
    Introduction
    Factors Affecting Transmission Growth
    Stability Considerations
    Power Transmission Capability of a Transmission Line
    Surge Impedance and Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) of a Transmission Line
    Loadability Curves
    Compensation
    Shunt Compensation
    Series Compensation
    Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)
    Static Var Control (SVC)
    Static Var Systems
    Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)
    Static Compensator
    Thyristor-Controlled Braking Resistor
    Superconducting Magnetic Energy Systems (SMES)
    Subsynchronous Resonance
    Use of Static Compensation to Prevent Voltage Collapse or Instability
    Energy Management System
    Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
    Advanced SCADA Concepts
    Substation Controllers
    Six-Phase Transmission Lines
    References
    Overhead Power Transmission
    Introduction
    Review of Basics
    Constant Impedance Representation of Loads
    Three-Winding Transformers
    Autotransformers
    Delta-Wye and Wye-Delta Transformations
    Transmission Line Constants
    Tables of Line Constants
    Equivalent Circuits for Transmission Lines
    Short Transmission Lines (up to 50 mi or 80 km)
    Medium-Length Transmission Lines (up to 150 mi or 240 km)
    Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi or 240 km)
    General Circuit Constants
    Bundled Conductors
    Effect of Ground on Capacitance of Three-Phase Lines
    Environmental Effects of Overhead Transmission Lines
    Additional Solved Numerical Examples for the Transmission Line Calculations
    References
    Problems
    Underground Power Transmission and Gas Insulated Transmission Lines
    Introduction
    Underground Cables
    Underground Cable Installation Techniques
    Electrical Characteristics of Insulated Cables
    Sheath Currents in Cables
    Positive- and Negative-Sequence Reactance
    Zero-Sequence Resistance and Reactance
    Shunt Capacitive Reactance
    Current-Carrying Capacity of Cables
    Calculation of Impedances of Cables in Parallel
    EHV Underground Cable Transmission
    Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines
    Location of Faults in Underground Cables
    References
    Problems
    Direct Current Power Transmission
    Basic Definitions
    Introduction
    Overhead High Voltage DC Transmission
    Comparison of Power Transmission Capacity of High Voltage DC and AC
    High Voltage DC Transmission Line Insulation
    Three-Phase Bridge Converter
    Rectification
    Per-Unit Systems and Normalizing
    Inversion
    Multibridge (B-Bridge) Converter Stations
    Per-Unit Representation of B-Bridge Converter Stations
    Operation of Direct Current Transmission Link
    Stability of Control
    Use of FACTS and HVDC to Solve Bottleneck Problems in the Transmission Networks
    High Voltage Power Electronic Substations
    Additional Commends on HVDC Converter Stations
    References
    Problems
    Transient Overvoltages and Insulation Coordination
    Introduction
    Traveling Waves
    Effects of Line Terminations
    Junction of Two Lines
    Junction of Several Lines
    Termination in Capacitance and Inductance
    Bewley Lattice Diagram
    Surge Attenuation and Distortion
    Traveling Waves on Three-Phase Lines
    Lightning and Lightning Surges
    Shielding Failures of Transmission Lines
    Lightning Performance of UHV Lines
    Stroke Current Magnitude
    Shielding Design Methods
    Switching and Switching Surges
    Overvoltage Protection
    Insulation Coordination
    Geomagnetic Disturbances and Their Effects on Power System Operations
    References
    Problems
    Limiting Factors for Extra-High and Ultra-High Voltage Transmission
    Introduction
    Corona
    Radio Noise
    Audible Noise
    Conductor Size Selection
    References
    Problems
    Symmetrical Components and Fault Analysis
    Introduction
    Symmetrical Components
    The Operator "a"
    Resolution of Three-Phase Unbalanced System of Phasors into its Symmetrical Components
    Power in Symmetrical Components
    Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
    Sequence Capacitances of Transmission Line
    Sequence Impedances of Synchronous Machines
    Zero-Sequence Networks
    Sequence Impedances of Transformers
    Analysis of Unbalanced Faults
    Shunt Faults
    Series Faults
    Determination of Sequence Network Equivalents for Series Faults
    System Grounding
    Elimination of SLG Fault Current by Using Peterson Coils
    Six-Phase Systems
    References
    Problems
    Protective Equipment and Transmission System Protection
    Introduction
    Interruption of Fault Current
    High Voltage Circuit Breakers
    Circuit Breaker Selection
    Disconnect Switches
    Load-Break Switches
    Switchgear
    The Purpose of Transmission Line Protection
    Design Criteria for Transmission Line Protection
    Zones of Protection
    Primary and Backup Protection
    Reclosing
    Typical Relays Used on Transmission Lines
    Computer Applications in Protective Relaying
    References
    Problems
    Transmission System Reliability
    Basic Definitions
    National Electric Reliability Council
    Index of Reliability
    Section 209 of PURPA of 1978
    Basic Probability Theory
    Combinational Analysis
    Probability Distributions
    Basic Reliability Concepts
    Systems with Repairable Components
    Reliability Evaluation of Complex Systems
    Markov Processes
    Transmission System Reliability Methods
    References
    Problems
    Part II: Mechanical Design and Analysis
    Construction of Overhead Lines
    Introduction
    Factors Affecting Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines
    Character of Line Route
    Right-of-Way
    Mechanical Loading
    Required Clearances
    Type of Supporting Structures
    Mechanical Calculations
    Grade of Construction
    Line Conductors
    Insulator Types
    Joint Use by Other Utilities
    Conductor Vibration
    Conductor Motion Caused by Fault Currents
    References
    Problems
    Sag and Tension Analysis
    Introduction
    Effect of Change in Temperature
    Line Sag and Tension Calculations
    Spans of Unequal Length: Ruling Span
    Effects of Ice and Wind Loading
    National Electric Safety Code
    Line Location
    Construction Techniques
    References
    Problems
    Appendix A: Impedance Tables for Overhead Lines, Transformers, and Underground Cables
    Appendix B: Methods for Allocating Transmission Line Fixed Charges Among Joint Users
    Appendix C: New Trends and Regulation
    Appendix D: A Guide to the FERC Electric Transmission Facilities Permit Process
    Appendix E: Standard Device Numbers Used in Protection Systems
    Appendix F: Order No. 1000 of Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
    Appendix G: Unit Conversions from the English System to SI System
    Appendix H: Unit Conversions from the SI System to English System
    Appendix I: Classroom Example to Select Conductors for an EHV Transmission Line Design
    Appendix J: Additional Solved Examples of Shunt Faults
    Appendix K: Additional Solved Examples of Shunt Faults Using MATLAB®
    Appendix L: Glossary for Transmission System Engineering Terminology
    Index

    Biography

    Turan Gönen received a BS and MS from Istanbul Technical College, MS and two Ph.Ds from Iowa State University, and MBA from University of Oklahoma. He has held positions at University of Missouri–Columbia, University of Missouri–Rolla, University of Oklahoma, Iowa State University, Florida International University, and Ankara Technical College; served as a design engineer and consultant in US and international power industries; and written over 100 technical papers and five books. An IEEE fellow and IIE senior member, he is currently professor of electrical engineering and director of the Electrical Power Educational Institute at California State University, Sacramento.

    "This comprehensive book will benefit the practicing power engineer or student who wants to teach himself. It is well-suited for self-study because it contains background theory for each topic covered, and numerous numerical examples and problems crafted to apply the information presented. The appendix is filled with tables of data pertaining to overhead lines, transformers, underground cables, costing, regulations, definitions, unit conversions, and MATLAB® examples. All this information in one place makes this book an excellent reference for the practicing power engineer. It will be useful for many years."
    —John J. Shea, Eaton Corporation, Moon Township, Pennsylvania, USA, from IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, May/June 2015

    "…Good balance between mathematical background and practical applications…The text provides a good review of the key issues in transmission system design and is suitable for courses where not all students have deep background knowledge of the subject."
    ––James Pilgrim, University of Southampton, UK

    "This book provides an excellent balance between theory and practical application. It gives the student a good introduction to the equipment used in power systems, how they operate, and why they are in the form we find them. There are many practical examples included and clear explanations. I like the way that industry standards and current practices are introduced and explained. Most students do not have a familiarity with the equipment used in the power system, and this work bridges that gap and provides a clear picture of how the pieces work together."
    ––Sheppard Salon, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA