1st Edition
Patient Handling in the Healthcare Sector A Guide for Risk Management with MAPO Methodology (Movement and Assistance of Hospital Patients)
Hospital staff and caregivers are regularly exposed to biomechanical overload risk, particularly at spine and shoulder level—a risk factor that will continue to rise with the progressive aging of the population. Patient Handling in the Healthcare Sector: A Guide for Risk Management with MAPO Methodology (Movement and Assistance of Hospital Patients) details the analysis of patient handling risk using the MAPO method in different areas of healthcare and helps you develop strategies to mitigate them.
Focusing on the organization of work, this approach gives you the tools to:
- Rapidly analyse the problem
- Rapidly identify solutions
- Effectively monitor the results of preventive actions
One of the special features of this approach is that it employs tools that allow you to allocate financial resources to estimate what investments are needed to achieve specific results. This means taking the decision-making process out of the hands of ergonomics experts and putting it into those of healthcare facility administrators.
Introduction: A Brief History of the MAPO Index Equation and Relationship with a Specific Preventive Plan
A Review of Work-Related MSDs in Caregivers
Introduction
Definitions
A Brief Overview of the Pathogenesis
Risk Factors
Magnitude of the Problem
Epidemiological Studies on Clinical Effects among Healthcare Workers Assigned to Manual Patient-Handling Tasks
The International Experience
The Italian Experience
Conclusions
Manual Handling in the Healthcare Sector: The International Approach to Risk Assessment
Introduction
Risk Assessment Methods in the International Literature
Guidelines for the Prevention of Risk due to Patient Handling
ISO-CEN Technical Report
Manual Patient-Handling Risks: Occupational Biomechanics (Biomechanical Hazards of Manual Patient Handling)
Introduction
The Study of Occupational Biomechanics
Occupational Biomechanics Studies in Manual Patient Handling
Methods and Criteria for Analyzing Manual Patient Handling by Healthcare Workers
Introduction
Organizational Analysis
Patient-Handling Operators
Description and Number of Dependent Patients
Description of Operator Training
Definition of Patient-Handling Tasks
Analysis of Patient-Handling Devices
Description of Wheelchairs
Environmental Assessment
Bathrooms
Bathrooms and Toilets
Patient Rooms
Description of Patient Beds
Criteria for Defining the Specific MAPO Index of Wards
Value of the Lifting Devices Factor (LF)
Value of the Minor Aids Factor (AF)
Value of the Wheelchair Factor (WF)
Value of the Environmental Factor (EF)
Value of the Training Factor (TF)
Characteristics of Italian Extended Care Facilities
MAPO Risk Estimation and Screening
Ward Characteristics with Respect to Different Shift Schedules
MAPO Index Validation: Studies on the Association with WMSDs
Introduction
Results and Description of Exposure Levels in Study Wards
Relationship between MAPO Exposure Index and Acute Low-Back Pain in the Previous Months
MAPO Screening Method: Validation Study
Results and Description of Exposure Levels in Study Wards
Relationship between the MAPO Screening Index and Acute Low-Back Pain during the Previous Months
Reference Values
Analysis of Patient-Handling Tasks in Operating Rooms
Introduction
Data Collection Protocol
Operators Involved in Patient-Handling Activities
Description and Number of Surgical Procedures
Description and Quantification of Handling Maneuvers
Example of Description and Quantification of Disabled-Patient-Handling Tasks
Description of Operator Training
On-Site Inspection
Analysis of Patient-Handling Devices
Adequacy of the Environment
Example of On-Site Inspection: Description of Equipment and Environment/Furnishings
Estimated Risk Exposure in Surgical Unit and Summary of Risk Factors
Equipment Factor
Stretcher Factor, Environment Factor
Training Factor
Analysis of Outpatient Services and Day Hospital
Introduction
Data Collection Sheet: Organizational Aspects
Quantification of the Average Number of NC and PC Patients
Description and Quantification of Disabled Patient-Handling Tasks
Example of Quantification of Lifting Maneuvers
Description of Patient-Handling Assistive Devices
Adequacy of Environment and Furnishings
Assessment of MPH Risk Exposure in Outpatient Services: Summary and Criteria for Estimating Exposure
Emergency Department: Setting Up Preventive Strategies for Manual Patient Handling
Presentation
Information Gathering: The Data Collection Sheet
Organizational Aspects
On-Site Inspection: Description of Patient-Handling Equipment
On-Site Inspection: Assessment of Space and Furnishings
Risk Exposure Assessment: Final Overview
Procedures and Tools for Choosing Adequate Equipment
Introduction
Approaches to Choosing Adequate Lifting Aids
Approaches to Choosing Height-Adjustable Stretchers
Approaches to Choosing Patient Beds
Approaches to Choosing Minor Aids
Approaches to Choosing Wheelchairs
Approaches to Choosing Patient Washing Aids
Definition and Management of Preventive Planning
Introduction
Approaches to Staff Training
Testing the Effectiveness of Preventive Strategies
Mapping Risk in a Hospital: Examples of Procedures and Applications
Other Effectiveness-Testing Tools
Examples of Manual Patient-Handling Risk Assessment in Various Wards
References
Index
Biography
Olga Menoni - Degree in Occupational physiotherapy in 1979. Ergonomist from 2000. Senior Researcher of EPM (Ergonomics of Posture and Movement) Research Unit as a result of an agreement of Milan University, Policlinico Foundation and Don Gnocchi Foundation. Professor in Science of Prevention, University of Milan. Professor in more than 100 training courses for occupational physician/technicians of prevention for management of patient lifting. Author of more than 50 papers and handbooks, in Italian and English, on occupational health, ergonomics issues, with special focus on prevention of work related musculoskeletal disorders in Hospital and for manual patient handling. Natale Battevi - Degree in Medicine 1978. Postgraduate School in Occupational Health in 1982 and Health Statistics in 1989. From 1997 to 2012 has worked with CEMOC - Ergonomics Section – CLINICA DEL LAVORO at Foundation Ca’ Granda Policlinico– Milan (Italy). Since 1997 has been an integral part of the Research Unit EPM (Ergonomics of Posture and Movement) as a result of an agreement of Milan University, Policlinico Foundation and Don Gnocchi Foundation. Active in CEN and ISO international standards of ergonomics. Ergonomics consultant in many National Companies and for National Health Services. Professor in Science of Prevention, University of Milan. Author of numerous papers and handbooks, in Italian and English, on occupational health, ergonomics issues, with special focus on prevention of work related musculoskeletal disorders. Silvia Cairoli - Degree in Medicine 1988. Postgraduate School in Occupational Health in 1992. From 1999 to 2012 has worked with CEMOC - Ergonomics Section – CLINICA DEL LAVORO at Foundation Ca’ Granda Policlinico– Milan (Italy). Since 1999 has been an integral part of the Research Unit EPM (Ergonomics of Posture and Movement) as a result of an agreement of Milan University, Policlinico Foundation and Don Gnocchi Foundation. Ergonomics consultant for National Health Services. Author of numerous papers and handbooks, in Italian, on occupational health, ergonomics issues, with special focus on prevention of work related musculoskeletal disorders.
"… provides an extensive and comprehensive description of the evidence-based MAPO INDEX that will allow not only trained ergonomists and biomechanists the ability to conduct a thorough patient handling risk assessment but many and varied healthcare professionals as well. … the level of detail found in the text facilitates intervention implementation and maintenance successes."
—Mary W. Matz MSPH, CPE, CSPHP, Patient Care Ergonomic Solutions, LLC"The main strength of this book is its comprehensiveness in addressing the important problem of injuries suffered by health care workers due to manual patient handling. … much more than a list of recommendations for safe patient handling but instead presents a system that any health care facility or institution can use to systematically assess their facilities and practices for patient handling and design improved systems for such activity."
—Robert R. Fox Ph.D., CPE, Chair, US TAG to ISO TC159/SC3 Anthropometry and Biomechanics"… excellent, crisply written … practical and accessible … This is a really useful, meticulously detailed handbook for all those involved in the manual handling of people, with the overall purpose of reducing the number of MSDs among careers."
— The RoSPA Occupational Safety & Health Journal, January 2015"I found it easy to use, comprehensive, consistent and solution-focused and in my view its application deserves the attention of policymakers."
— Occupational Medicine, June 2016