1st Edition

The Modern Ayurveda Milestones Beyond the Classical Age

Edited By C. P. Khare, Chandra Kant Katiyar Copyright 2012

    The Indian population has used Ayurvedic herbs for centuries, but now modern scientific work has led to recognition and acceptance at a global level. The major cause of the increased popularity of Ayurvedic medicine stems from recent scientific validation and its potential in lifestyle management. This growth in research in India and worldwide has created the need for a resource covering the scientific development of Ayurvedic herbs for practice during the postclassical period. The Modern Ayurveda: Milestones Beyond the Classical Age explores a host of topics essential to understanding the surge of scientific work now being conducted on this ancient practice.

    A one-point source for the modern explorer attempting to appreciate the transformation of Ayurveda from an empirical to a rationalist understanding, the book enumerates more than 400 Ayurvedic herbs with compiled information including their botanical name, common Ayurvedic name and family, their attributes, chemical constituents, phytochemical markers, pharmacological actions, and their interactions and toxicity. It explores current research methodologies for the evaluation of efficacy and safety of herbal medicine and discusses the contemporary international regulatory status of herbal drugs.

    Ayurvedic medicine can be better understood and utilized through the application of modern scientific analytical tools for standardization, modern pharmacological tools for safety and efficacy evaluation, and the application of biotechnology to elicit the mechanism of drug actions. Bringing Ayurveda into the 21st century, this volume will inform further progress and open new doors to treatment.

    How the Concept of Modern Ayurveda Emerged; C. P. Khare
    Transition from Ancient to Modern Ayurveda; Chandra Kant Katiyar
    Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine: Challenges and Strategies; Chandra Kant Katiyar
    Introduction
    History and Philosophy
    Basic Principles
    Current Status
    Scope and Achievements
    Issues and Perspectives
    Conclusion
    References
    Herb Nomenclature of the Last Classical Ayurvedic Treatise: Bhavaprakasa
    By Botanical Name
    By Ayurvedic Name
    Classical Attributes of Ayurvedic Herbs
    Bioactive Constituents of Medicinal Plants;
    V. K. Agarwal
    Alkaloids
    Classification of Alkaloids
    General Properties of Alkaloids
    Pharmacology
    Anthocyanins
    Flavones
    Flavonoids
    Tannins
    Properties of Tannins
    Industrial Uses of Tannins
    Essential Oils
    Pharmacology
    Menthol
    Camphor
    Clove
    Cypress
    Lavender
    Jasmine
    Patchouli
    Eucalyptus
    Rosemary
    Other Uses of Essential Oils
    Terpenoids
    Steroids
    Sterols
    Cholesterol
    Ergosterol
    Stigmasterol
    Cardioactive Glycosides
    Steroidal Glycosides
    Cardiac Glycosides of Digitalis
    Saponins
    Saponins from Licorice
    Saponins from Soapnut
    Pharmacological Activity of Saponins
    Gum, Resin, and Mucilage
    Gums and Mucilage
    Resins
    Bitters
    Pungent Constituents
    Coumarins
    Anthraquinones
    Chemical Constituents of Ayurvedic Herbs
    Phytochemical Markers of Ayurvedic Herbs
    Interaction, Toxicity, and Specific Findings from Ayurvedic Herbs;
    C. P. Khare
    Modern Pharmacological Classification of Ayurvedic Herbs;
    Chandra Kant Katiyar and Arun Gupta
    Antacids
    Antiallergics
    Antiasthmatics
    Anticancer
    Antidiabetics
    Antidiarrheals
    Anti-DUB
    Antiemetics
    Antiflatulents
    Antihypertensives
    Anti-Inflammatory
    Antimicrobials
    Antiobesity
    Antiparkinsonians
    Antipyretics
    Antispasmodics
    Antistress
    Antitussives and Expectorants
    Antiurolithiatics
    Aphrodisiacs
    Blood Purifiers
    Cardioprotectives
    Digestives
    Diuretics
    Galactogogues
    Hepatoprotectives
    Hypolipidemics
    Immunomodulators
    Laxatives
    Narcotics
    Nephroprotectives
    Nootropics
    Sedatives
    Skin Disorders
    Tonics
    Wound Healers
    Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Herbal/Ayurvedic Medicines
    ; Arun Gupta and Chandra Kant Katiyar
    Introduction
    Definitions
    Historical Aspects
    Regulatory Aspects on Conducting Clinical Trials
    World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines
    Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Guidelines
    Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Guidelines
    Department of AYUSH, India
    Ethical Issues
    Limitations of Herbal and Traditional Medicine with Reference to Clinical
    Trials
    Trial Design
    Randomized Controlled Trials
    Blinding
    Placebo
    Standardization or Quality Control
    Ayurvedic Perspective
    Need of Alternative Approach to Clinical Trial for Traditional Medicine
    Prakriti (Psychosomatic Constitution)
    Rogi (Patient), Roga (Disease), and Pariksha (Examination)
    Kriyakala (Interventions at Different Stages of Disease)
    Pathya-apathya (Diet) to Be Followed with Medicine
    Anupana (Vehicle) for Drug Administration
    Proposed Methodologies for Clinical Trials on Ayurvedic Drugs
    Toxicity Studies on Ayurvedic and Herbal Drugs
    Acute Toxicity (OECD Test No. 43)
    Subacute Toxicity (OECD Test No. 412)
    Subchronic Toxicity (OECD Test No. 413)
    Chronic Toxicity (OECD Test Guideline 452)
    Carcinogenicity (OECD Test Guideline 451)
    Test Guideline 416)
    Ocular Toxicity (OECD Test No. 4052)
    Neurotoxicity (OECD Test No. 424)
    Conclusion and Way Forward
    References
    International Regulatory Status of Herbal Drugs; Sanjay Sharma
    Southeast Asia
    Bangladesh
    India
    Indonesia
    Myanmar
    Nepal
    Sri Lanka
    Thailand
    Eastern Mediterranean
    Egypt
    Iran
    Kuwait
    Pakistan
    Saudi Arabia
    United Arab Emirates
    Western Pacific
    Australia
    China
    Fiji
    Japan
    Africa
    South Africa
    The Americas
    United States of America
    Argentina
    Canada
    Chile
    Nicaragua
    Europe
    European Union
    Conclusion
    Bibliography
    Information Resources
    Databases
    Herbal Monographs
    Publicly Available
    Subscription Based
    Online Journals, Libraries, and Citations
    Professional Associations
    Related Links
    Images
    Adverse Effects, Safety, and Standards
    Legal and Regulatory Information
    Country-Specific Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    United Kingdom
    United States of America
    India
    Index

    Biography

    C. P. Khare, Chandra Kant Katiyar

    "All in all, an excellent resource for both the Ayurvedic and conventional medicine researcher interested in Ayurveda, this book will be a valued member on anyone’s personal library as also in any institution."
    —Dr. Urmila Thatte, Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine