1st Edition

Bioactive Peptides Applications for Improving Nutrition and Health

By Richard Owusu-Apenten Copyright 2010
    414 Pages 62 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Chronic illnesses, injury, or infections produce a decline in muscle mass―leading to delayed recovery, more post-treatment complications, longer hospital stays, and higher mortality rates. Therefore, ensuring adequate lean body mass is of major concern in health care. Presenting data from human studies and trials, along with recent research findings, Bioactive Peptides: Applications for Improving Nutrition and Health summarizes the applications, and benefits of bioactive peptides used to mitigate major metabolic derangements that arise from chronic illnesses and result in unwanted weight loss.

    Reviews the Latest Theories Explaining Muscle Loss and Accretion
    During Illness & Infection

    In chapters one through five, the book presents the background science on the relationship between illness and muscle weight loss, highlighting bioactive peptides’ ability to enhance the body’s antioxidant status, antisepsis capacity, immune function, anti-inflammatory capacity, growth potential, and appetite. Chapters six through nine deal with the use of bioactive peptides to modify aspects of the host response to illness, including inflammation, antimicrobial activity, anabolic dysfunction, and anorexia.

    This state-of-the-art reference also includes case studies on aging, AIDS, COPD, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, kidney failure, and tuberculosis. It is a valuable resource for dieticians, doctors, nutritionists, and manufacturers of medical foods, tube feeds, supplements, and nutraceuticals.

    Nutrition and the Host Response to Infection and Injury
    Nutrition and Illness
    Host Response to Injury
    Unintended Weight Loss
    Multimodal Nutritional Support Using Bioactive Peptides
    Summary and Conclusions
    References
    Bioactive Peptides for Nutrition and Health
    Legislation
    Bioactive Peptides and Proteins
    Applications of Protein Supplements for Health
    Perspectives on Human Trial Data
    Summary and Conclusions
    Appendices
    References
    Dietary Protein Requirements for Health
    Introduction
    Dietary Protein Quality Relation to Health
    Protein Requirements and Health
    Dietary Protein and Host Responses to Illness
    Peptides and Protein Bioactivity
    Types of Dietary Protein Health Effects
    Summary and Conclusion
    Appendices
    References
    Protein Turnover and Economics within the Body
    Protein Turnover and Wasting
    Baseline Whole Body Protein Turnover
    Regional Protein Turnover
    Nutrients and Protein Turnover
    Slow and Fast Proteins
    Summary and Conclusions
    References
    Major Processes for Muscle Gain and Loss
    Introduction
    Myostatin
    Muscle Cell Death and Atrophy
    Proteolysis via Ubiquitin Proteasome
    Further Signaling Pathways for Muscle Atrophy
    Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and Hypertrophy
    Summary and Conclusions
    Appendix 5.A.1 Details of mTOR Signaling
    References
    Inflammation and Innate Immune Response
    Types of Inflammation
    Proinflammatory Signaling
    Anti-Inflammatory Bioactive Peptides and Supplements
    In Vivo Applications and Controlled Trials
    Summary and Conclusions
    References
    Infection and Sepsis
    Introduction
    Pathogen Recognition and Intracellular Signaling
    Host Antimicrobial Peptides
    Functions of Antimicrobial Peptides
    In Vivo Applications and Human-Trials of AMPs
    Summary and Conclusions
    References
    Anabolic Dysfunction
    Introduction
    Insulin and Muscle Protein Metabolism
    Growth Hormone and IGF-1
    Growth Hormone Secretagogues
    Leucine, BCAA, and Related Peptides
    In Vivo Applications and Clinical Trials
    References
    Bioactive Peptides for Alleviating Illness Anorexia
    Illness Anorexia
    Leptin and Food Intake
    Melanocortin Peptides
    Ghrelin
    Other Bioactive Peptides for Moderating Appetite
    In Vivo Studies and Controlled Trials
    Summary and Conclusions
    References

    Biography

    Richard Owusu-Apenten is a faculty member at the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine.