2nd Edition
Handbook of Soil Sciences Properties and Processes, Second Edition
An evolving, living organic/inorganic covering, soil is in dynamic equilibrium with the atmosphere above, the biosphere within, and the geology below. It acts as an anchor for roots, a purveyor of water and nutrients, a residence for a vast community of microorganisms and animals, a sanitizer of the environment, and a source of raw materials for construction and manufacturing. To develop lasting solutions to the challenges of balanced use and stewardship of the Earth, we require a fundamental understanding of soil—from its elastic, porous three-phase system to its components, processes, and reactions.
Handbook of Soil Sciences: Properties and Processes, Second Edition is the first of two volumes that form a comprehensive reference on the discipline of soil science. Completely revised and updated to reflect the current state of knowledge, this volume covers the traditional areas of soil science: soil physics, soil chemistry, soil mineralogy, soil biology and biochemistry, and pedology. Contributors discuss the application of physical principles to characterize the soil system and mass and energy transport processes within the critical zone. They present significant advances in soil chemistry; describe how minerals are formed and transformed; and provide an introduction to the soil biota. They also examine geomorphology, land use, hydropedology, and subaqueous soils as well as the classification and digital mapping of soil.
Critical elements addressed in each section include:
- Descriptions of concepts and theories
- Definitions, approaches, methodologies, and procedures
- Data in tabular and figure format
- Extensive references
This cohesive handbook provides a thorough understanding of soil science principles and practices based on a rigorous, complete, and up-to-date treatment of the subject matter compiled by leading scientists. It is a resource rich in data, offering professional soil scientists, agronomists, engineers, ecologists, biologists, naturalists, and students their first point of entry into a particular aspect of the soil sciences.
Soil Physics
Introduction; Markus Tuller
Physical Properties of Primary Particles; Joseph M. Skopp
Soil Structure; Teamrat A. Ghezzehei
Mechanics of Unsaturated Soils for Agricultural Applications; Rainer Horn and Stephan Peth
Soil Water Content and Water Potential Relationships; Dani Or, Jon M. Wraith, David A. Robinson, and Scott B. Jones
Water Flow in Soils; David E. Radcliffe and Jirka Šimůnek
Water and Energy Balances in the Soil–Plant–Atmosphere Continuum; Steven R. Evett, John H. Prueger, and Judy A. Tolk
Solute Transport; Feike J. Leij and Antonella Sciortino
Gas Transport in Soils; Dennis E. Rolston and Per Møldrup
Soil Thermal Regime; Robert Horton and Tyson Ochsner
Soil Spatial Variability; Ole Wendroth, Sylvia Koszinski, and Vicente Vasquez
Soil Chemistry
Introduction; Donald L. Sparks
Soil Organic Matter; Jeffrey A. Baldock and Kris Broos
Soil Solution; Paul Schwab
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Soil Chemical Reactions; Donald L. Sparks
Oxidation–Reduction Phenomena; Bruce R. James and Dominic A. Brose
Soil Colloidal Behavior; Sabine Goldberg, Inmaculada Lebron, John C. Seaman, and Donald L. Suarez
Ion Exchange Phenomena; Ian C. Bourg and Garrison Sposito
Chemisorption and Precipitation Reactions; Robert G. Ford
Role of Abiotic Catalysis in the Transformation of Organics, Metals, Metalloids, and Other Inorganics; Pan Ming Huang and A.G. Hardie
Soil pH and pH Buffering; Paul R. Bloom and Ulf Skyllberg
Soil Mineralogy
Introduction; Joseph W. Stucki
Alteration, Formation, and Occurrence of Minerals in Soils; G. Jock Churchman and David J. Lowe
Phyllosilicates; Hideomi Kodama
Oxide Minerals in Soils; Nestor Kämpf, Andreas C. Scheinost, and Darrell G. Schulze
Poorly Crystalline Aluminosilicate Clay Minerals; James Harsh
Soil Biology and Biochemistry: Soil Biology in Its Second Golden Age
Introduction; E.A. Paul and P. Nannipieri
Microbiota; Raffaella Balestrini, Valeria Bianciotto, Paola Bonfante, Michael Schloter, Sharath Srinivasiah, R. Greg Thorn, Kurt E. Williamson, and K. Eric Wommack
Soil Fauna; Michael Bonkowski, M.A. Callaham, Jr., Marianne Clarholm, David C. Coleman, D.A. Crossley, Jr., Bryan Griffiths, Paul F. Hendrix, Mark G. St. John, Robert McSorley, and P.C.J. van Vliet
Microbially Mediated Processes; Susumu Asakawa, Else K. Bünemann, Emmanuel Frossard, E.G. Gregorich, Jan Jansa, H.H. Janzen, Michael A. Kertesz, Makoto Kimura, Loretta Landi, David Long, Terence L. Marsh, Paolo Nannipieri, Astrid Oberson, Giancarlo Renella, and Thomas Voice
Nitrogen Transformations; Richa Anand, Jean-Claude Germon, Peter M. Groffman, Jeanette M. Norton, Laurent Philippot, James I. Prosser, and Joshua P. Schimel
Molecular Techniques; Judith Ascher, Yin Chen, Guo-Chun Ding, Holger Heuer, Jiri Jirout, Deepak Kumaresan, J. Colin Murrell, Giacomo Pietramellara, Kornelia Smalla, and Maria Teresa Ceccherini
Pedology
Introduction; Larry T. West and Larry P. Wilding
Geomorphology of Soil Landscapes; Douglas A. Wysocki, Philip J. Schoeneberger, Daniel R. Hirmas, and Hannan E. LaGarry
Pedogenic Processes; Judith Turk, Oliver A. Chadwick, and Robert C. Graham
Soil Taxonomy; Robert J. Ahrens and Richard W. Arnold
Other Systems of Soil Classification; Erika Michéli and Otto C. Spaargaren
Classification of Soils; Olafur Arnalds, Fredrich H. Beinroth, J.C. Bell, J.G. Bockheim, Janis L. Boettinger, M.E. Collins, R.G. Darmody, Steven G. Driese, Hari Eswaran, Delvin S. Fanning, D.P. Franzmeier, C.T. Hallmark, Willie Harris, Wayne H. Hudnall, Randall K. Kolka, David J. Lowe, Paul A. McDaniel, D.G. McGahan, H. Curtis Monger, Lee C. Nordt, Chien-Lu Ping, Martin C. Rabenhorst, Paul F. Reich, Randall Schaetzl, Joey N. Shaw, Christopher W. Smith, Randal J. Southard, David Swanson, C. Tarnocai, Goro Uehara, Larry T. West, and Larry P. Wilding
Land Evaluation for Landscape Units; J. Bouma, J.J. Stoorvogel, and M.P.W. Sonneveld
Hydropedology; Phillip Owens, Henry Lin, and Zamir Libohova
Subaqueous Soils; Mark H. Stolt and Martin C. Rabenhorst
Digital Soil Mapping; Alex. B. McBratney, Budiman Minasny, Robert A. MacMillan, and Florence Carré
Soil Change in the Anthropocene: Bridging Pedology, Land Use and Soil Management; Daniel deB. Richter Jr. and Arlene J. Tugel
Noninvasive Geophysical Methods Used in Soil Science; James A. Doolittle
Index
Biography
Dr. Pan Ming Huang was the professor of soil science emeritus at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, and served for 44 years in that institution. His research work has significantly advanced the frontiers of knowledge on the formation chemistry, nature, and surface reactivity of mineral colloids, organic matter, and organomineral complexes in soils and sediments and their role in the dynamics, transformations, and fate of nutrients, toxic metals, and xenobiotics in terrestrial and aquatic environments. His research findings, embodied in well over 300 refereed scientific publications, are fundamental to the development of sound strategies for managing land and water resources in the Earth’s critical zone.
Dr. Yuncong Li is the University of Florida Research Foundation (UFRF) professor of soil science in the Department of Soil and Water Science at the Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida in Homestead. He is also an affiliated professor at the University of Florida’s Center for Tropical Agriculture, Hydrologic Sciences Academic Cluster, School of Natural Resources and Environment, and Water Institute. His research and extension program focuses on water and soil quality monitoring, assessment and remediation, management practices to improve nutrient use efficiency, and nutrient cycling in soils/sediments. He has authored or coauthored over 150 research papers, 70 extension articles, and 15 book chapters. He recently edited a book, Water Quality Concepts, Sampling, and Analyses (CRC Press, 2010). He serves as an associate editor for Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology and Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis.
Dr. Malcolm E. Sumner is the Regents’ Professor of Environmental Soil Science Emeritus in the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences at the University of Georgia, Athens. His published works cover a wide range of topics, including subsoil acidity, the agricultural uses of gypsum, diagnosis of yield-limiting factors, beneficial use of anthropogenic wastes, and transport of nutrients in soils. A widely respected author, Dr. Sumner’s works include Soil Acidity (Springer-Verlag, 1991), Soil Crusting: Chemical and Physical Processes (Lewis Publishers, 1992), Suelos de la Agroindustria Cafetalera de Guatemala (University of Georgia, 1994), Distribution, Properties and Management of Australian Sodic Soils (CSIRO Publications, 1995), Sodic Soils: Distribution, Properties, Management, and Environmental Consequences (Oxford University Press, 1998), and the Handbook of Soil Sciences (CRC Press, 1999). He has authored or coauthored over 350 scientific papers, including 220 refereed journal articles, and has contributed chapters to over 30 books.
