1st Edition

Plant Gum Exudates of the World Sources, Distribution, Properties, and Applications

By Amos Nussinovitch Copyright 2010
    428 Pages 192 Color & 38 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Plant Gum Exudates of the World: Sources, Distributions, Properties, and Applications is the most extensive collection of plant gum exudates in print, containing information on both well-established exudates and newer ones. It not only introduces an array of exudates never before described or reviewed, but also classifies gums according to their botanical taxonomy. This readily accessible book also supplies color plates of exudates in their natural environment along with relevant botanical parts.

    Each entry includes:

    • Botanical name
    • Common and vernacular gum names
    • Geographical distribution information
    • Appearance and color descriptions
    • Water solubility information
    • Chemical characteristics
    • Structural features
    • Physical and physicochemical properties
    • Commercial availability
    • Industrial and food applications
    • Synonyms of and uses for the producing tree or shrub

    Role and Sources of Exudate Gums

    Introduction

    Definitions

    Gum Yields

    Agricultural Issues

    Physical Properties of Gums

    Chemical Properties

    Commercial Assessments of Gums

    Industrial and Other Uses

    References

    Physiological Aspects of Polysaccharide Formation in Plants

    Introduction

    Stress Factors, Ethylene and Gummosis

    Borers and Gum Formation

    Gum Ducts

    Gummosis in Fruit Trees

    Induced Inoculation and Gum Yield

    References

    Major Plant Exudates of the World

    Introduction

    Gum Arabic and Other Acacia Gums

    Gum Tragacanth and Similar Gums

    Important Indian or Asiatic Gums and Their Botanical Sources

    Gums of the New World

    Miscellaneous Asiatic, African, and Australian Gums

    References

    Minor Plant Exudates of the World

    Introduction

    Adansonia Malvaceae (subfamily: Bombacoideae)

    Adenanthera Fabaceae (subfamily: Mimosoideae)

    Afzelia Fabaceae (subfamily: Caesalpinioideae)

    Albizia Fabaceae

    Anogeissus Combretaceae

    Atalaya Sapindaceae (subfamily: Sapindoideae)

    Balsamocitrus Rutaceae (subfamily: Aurantioideae)

    Bauhinia Fabaceae

    Julbernardia Fabaceae (subfamily: Caesalpinioideae)

    Bombax Malvaceae (subfamily: Bombacoideae)

    Borassus Arecaceae (subfamily: Coryphoideae)

    Bosistoa Rutaceae (subfamily: Toddalioideae)

    Brachystegia Fabaceae (subfamily: Caesalpinioideae)

    Burkea Fabaceae (subfamily: Caesalpinioideae)

    Capparis Capparaceae

    Careya Lecythidaceae (subfamily: Planchonioideae)

    Cassia Fabaceae (subfamily: Caesalpinioideae)

    Cedrela Meliaceae

    Ceiba Malvaceae (subfamily: Bombacoideae)

    Ceratopetalum Cunoniaceae

    Chukrasia Meliaceae

    Citrus Rutaceae

    Cocos Arecaceae (subfamily: Arecoideae)

    Cola Sterculiaceae

    Combretum Combretaceae

    Cordia Boraginaceae (subfamily: Cordioideae)

    Cordyla Fabaceae (subfamily: Faboideae)

    Corypha Arecaceae (subfamily: Coryphoideae)

    Crataeva Capparaceae

    Cussonia Araliaceae

    Cycas Cycadaceae

    Dichrostachys Fabaceae (subfamily: Mimosoideae)

    Echinocarpus Elaeocarpaceae

    Elaeocarpus Elaeocarpaceae

    Encephalartos Zamiaceae

    Entada Fabaceae (subfamily: Mimosoideae)

    Erythrophleum Fabaceae (subfamily: Caesalpinioideae)

    Flindersia Rutaceae

    Garuga Burseraceae

    Geijera Rutaceae

    Geodorum Orchidaceae

    Hakea Proteaceae

    Khaya Meliaceae

    Lagerstroemia Lythraceae

    Lannea Anacardiaceae

    Macrozamia Zamiaceae

    Melia Meliaceae

    Melicope Rutaceae

    Moringa Moringaceae

    Owenia Meliaceae

    Panax (Tieghemopanax) Araliaceae

    Saltera Penaeaceae

    Pentaceras Rutaceae

    Prunus Rosaceae

    Pseudocedrela Meliaceae

    Saccopetalum Annonaceae

    Sarcostemma Asclepiadaceae

    Schefflera Araliaceae

    Sclerocarya Anacardiaceae

    Semecarpus Anacardiaceae

    Sloanea Elaeocarpaceae

    Soymida Meliaceae

    Tamarindus Fabaceae (subfamily: Caesalpinioideae)

    Heritiera Malvaceae

    Terminalia Combretaceae

    Thevetia Apocynaceae

    Virgilia Fabaceae (subfamily: Faboideae)

    Food Applications of Plant Exudates

    Introduction

    Food Uses of Gum Exudates

    Gum Exudates in Animal Food

    Health-Related Aspects

    Gum Exudates in Water-Based Adhesives

    Introduction

    Gums as Adhesives

    Industrial Uses of Exudate Glues

    Biological Applications: A General Approach

    Hydrocolloid Adhesion Tests

    Exudates as Wet Glues

    Adhesion Mechanisms of Hydrogels

    Medical, Cosmetic and Biotechnological Uses of Gum Exudates

    Introduction

    Pharmacological Applications

    Folk Medicine

    Cosmetics and Other Products

    Biotechnological Applications

    Analysis and Identification of Gum Exudates

    Introduction

    Industrial Gums

    Group Analysis and Identification Schemes

    Additional Analytical Methods

    Miscellaneous Uses of Plant Exudates

    Introduction

    Paints, Pigments and Painting

    Inks

    Lithography

    Textiles

    Corrosion Inhibition

    Immersion Plating

    Drilling Fluids

    Oil-Well Cement

    Binders and Special Coatings

    Paper and E-Paper

    Explosives

    Ceramics

    Miscellaneous

    Biography

    Dr. Amos Nussinovitch works in the Biochemistry and Food Science Department on the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he leads a large group of researchers working on theoretical and practical aspects of hydrocolloids, including coating of cells and foods, special glues and exudates patches, water-soluble polymer uses in paper, exudates preparations in cosmetics and medicine, hydrocolloid uses in explosives, ink, and special cellular solids and biological carriers.

    "The catalogue begins with the widely used gum arabic, from the genus Acacia (Fabaceae) and gum tragacanth from Astragalus (Fabaceae) and Sterculia (Malvaceae), but later changes to ordering by region - Asiatic, New World and miscellaneous. Taxa are described in terms of, for example, their distribution in the world, the charactenstIcs of the plant and the exudate, and its commercial uses and economic importance. There are many photographs of plants and gums, mostly of high quality, and some reproduced fine drawings of plants."
    —G. R. Squire, in The Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Vol. 46/4, 2010

    "This book will surely become the definitive reference for the vast array of gums and resins of diverse origin which have been known from historical times and have continued to emerge over the years. The exudate-bearing trees are distributed all over the world, in different climates and continents. The various names by which they are known and the different classification systems adopted have presented a major problem to the student and researcher. Now we have a uniform classification system based on botanical taxonomy which have been checked and standardised to accord with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Germoplasm Resource Information Network. It is a massive step forward for which countless researchers will thank the author."
    —Glyn O. Phillips, Phillips Hydrocolloids Research Ltd, in Food Hydrocolloids, 2011

    "The author reached his goal: this book is definitely the most complete work on the subject."
    —Esther Katz, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement Brasilia, in Economic Botany, Vol. 65, 2011