Originally published in 1987, this book presents a wide-ranging review of urban, regional, economic, and environmental planning in Canada. A comprehensive source of information on Canadian planning policies, it addresses the wide variations between Canadian provinces. While acknowledging similarities with programs and policies in the United States and Britain, the author documents the distinctively Canadian character of planning in Canada.
Among the topics addressed in the book are: the agencies of planning; on the nature of urban plans; the instruments of planning; land policies; natural resources; regional planning at the federal level; regional planning and development in Ontario; regional planning in other provinces; environmental protection; planning and people; and reflections on the nature of planning in Canada.
The author documents how governmental agencies handle problems of population growth, urban development, exploitation of natural resources, regional disparities, and many other issues that fall within the scope of urban and regional planning. But he goes beyond this to address matters of politics, law, economics, social organization. The book is pragmatic, eclectic, interpretive, and critical. It is a valuable contribution to international literature on planning in its political context.
List of Tables
List of Maps
List of Acronyms
Acknowledgements
Preface
1 Introduction
2 The Agencies of Planning
The Federal Role
Water Resource Management
The International Joint Commission
The National Parks System
The Range of Federal Responsibilities
The Canadian North
Airports
The National Capital Commission
Groping for a National Urban Policy
The Provincial and Municipal Roles
Local Government and Service Delivery
Local Government Reform
The Fiscal Problem of Local Government
The Provinces and Planning
3 On the Nature of Urban Plans
Statutory Provision for Municipal Plans
Some Illustrative Plans
Metro Toronto
Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
Fox Creek New Town, Alberta
Cambridge, Ontario
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
"It's Our Neighbourhood: A Community's Own Plan"
A Vancouver Area Plan: Marpole
A Recreation Master Plan
Social and Economic Issues in Plans
Social Content of Plans
Economic Content of Plans
Socio-Economic Planning and Land Use Planning
4 The Instruments of Planning
Zoning
The Nature of the Zoning Power
Minor Variances
Non-Conforming Uses
Amendment of Zoning Bylaws
Spot Zoning
Holding Bylaws and Interim Controls
The City of Toronto's 45 Foot Holding Bylaw
Holding Bylaws in British Columbia
Bonus Zoning
Mixed Use Zoning
Cluster Zoning and Planned Unit Development
Transfer of Development Rights
Inclusionary Zoning
Site Plan Control and Development Agreements
Discretionary Planning Controls
Ontario
Alberta: The Hybrid
Newfoundland's System: A British Import
Vancouver: The Charter City
Subdivision
The Range of Instruments
5 Land Policies
Land Prices
The Greenspan Report
Servicing of Residential Land
Land Speculation
The Development Industry1G3
Land Banking and Assembly
Expropriation
Compensation for Expropriation
Expropriation Procedures
Betterment and Worsenment
Nonresident Ownership
Federal Policies
6 Natural Resources
Agricultural Land
The Canada Land Inventory
Urbanization of Rural Land
Agricultural Land Values
Agricultural Land in Ontario
Ontario Provincial Guidelines on Agricultural Land
Agricultural Land Policy in British Columbia
Agricultural Zoning in Quebec
The Prairie Provinces and the Family Farm
Mining, Land Use and the Environment
Aggregates in Ontario
The Pits and Quarries Control Act 1971
Ontario Planning Guidelines
Forestry
"Canada's Threatened Forests"
Provincial Parks: Ontario
Water
Conservation and Flood Control in Ontario
Flood Plain Management
Coordinated Program Strategies: The Ontario Innovation
7 Regional Planning at the Federal Level
Agriculture and Regional Planning
The Department of Regional Economic Expansion
DREE in the Early Eighties
Review and Reorganization 1980-82
Unsettled Questions
A Digression: On the Meaning of "Region"
Federal and Provincial Roles in Regional Planning
8 Regional Planning and Development in Ontario
The Antecedents
"Design for Development"
The Toronto-Centred Region
Toronto in Transition
The Parkway Belt (West)
The Niagara Escarpment
The Niagara Escarpment Planning and Development Act 1973
Joint Provincial-Municipal Planning Studies
Haldimand - Norfolk
Provincial Land Acquisitions
Overview
9 Regional Planning in Other Provinces
Regional Planning in Alberta
The Background to the New Regional
Planning System
The Regional Planning System Study
"The Regional Plan is Supreme"
Regional Plan Guidelines
Regional Planning in Quebec
The First Steps Towards Regional Planning
Municipal Reform for Planning
The Parti Quebecois and the 1979 Planning Act
"Une responsabilite politique"
Regional Planning in British Columbia
Regional Districts 1965-83
Official Regional and Settlement Plans
The Regional District Review
Uncertainties of the 1980s
10 Environmental Protection
The Federal Role
The Provincial Role: Expanding Responsibilities
The Ontario Environmental Protection Act
The Ontario Waste Management Corporation
A Provincial Environmental Council: Alberta
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Assessment in Ontario
The Ontario Environmental Assessment Board
Social Impact Assessment
The Limits of Environmental Impact Assessments
Environmental Regulation or Pricing?
Heritage Conservation
Heritage Conservation in British Columbia
Heritage Conservation in Ontario
Heritage Conservation in Quebec
11 Planning and People
Experts, Facts and Values
The Public and the Professionals
Who is the Expert?
Advisory Committees
Funding Public Participation
Effective Public Participation
Machinery for Appeals and Objections: The O.M.B.
Controlling the Planning Machine
(i) Policy Plans
(ii) Policy-Application
(iii) Maladministration and Illegalities
The Public Interest
12 Epilogue: Some Reflections on the Nature of Canadian Planning
Bibliography
Index
Biography
J. Barry Cullingworth
