1st Edition

The Politics of the Pharmaceutical Industry and Access to Medicines World Pharmacy and India

Edited By Hans Löfgren Copyright 2018
    370 Pages
    by Routledge

    370 Pages
    by Routledge

    The book studies the pharmaceutical industry of India. It is one of the most successful stories of economic expansion and improvements in public health. Indian firms have made access to quality medicines possible and affordable in many developing countries. Indian pharmaceuticals are also exported on a large scale to the United States and other highly regulated markets. A wave of mergers, acquisitions and tie-ups point to growing integration between Indian firms and global pharma multinationals.



    Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka

    1. The Pharmaceutical Industry and Access to
    2. Medicines in India

      The Pre-1972 Product Patent Period

      The Process Patent Era 1972–2005

      Full TRIPS-compliance from 2005

      Financial and Economic Crisis and Access to

      Medicines for All

    3. Challenges of Regulation of Medicines in India
    4. Price Regulation

      Weeding Out of Irrational Medicines: A Necessary

      Complement to Price Control

      Law on Banning Irrational Medicines

      Towards Ethical Marketing and Promotion of Medicines

      Promoting Transparency and Declarations of Conflict

      of Interest

      General Review of all Legislations

      Other Issues

      Conclusion

    5. CIPLA: Patients before Patents
    6. Modest Beginnings

      Yusuf Hamied Living up to his Legacy

      India’s Patent Law 1972

      The Three Drug Combination: Potent Cocktail

      A Life-saving Offer

      Success Story

      The Road Ahead

    7. Systemic Failure of Regulation: The Political Economy
    8. of Pharmaceutical and Bulk Drug Manufacturing

      The Regulation of Industrial Pollution

      Structure and Methodology

      Structures of the Value Chains in the Rural Economy

      Pathways of Pollution in the Dairy Industry

      Regulatory Checks on Pathways in Value Chains

      Final Observations

    9. TRIPS Flexibilities and Access to Patented Medicines
    10. in India

      Use of Trips Flexibilities

      Exemptions from Patentability

      Future Options

    11. India’s Free Trade Agreements: Implications for
    12. Access to Medicines in India and the Global South

      Introduction

      TRIPS Compliance: Using the Doha Declaration

      in India

      India’s FTA Negotiations: An Overview

      FTAs and Access to Medicines: Key Concerns

      Intellectual Property Provisions

      Investment (or Investor Protection) Measures

      Regulatory Harmonization

       

      Government of India’s Position

      FTAs, TRIPS and the Right to Health

      Conclusion

    13. At any Price? Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer
    14. HealthCare and Baxter in India

      The Examined Companies

      How Good are the Drugs Supplied by these Companies?

      What about Access?

      Drug Treatment in the NGO, Private and Public Sectors

      Research and Patents

      Marketing and Business Behaviour

      Conclusion

    15. Trends and Prospects for India as a Global Generic
    16. Player

      Introduction

      Regulatory Status of India in World Generics

      Markets

      India’s Bilateral Trade in Pharmaceutical Products

      Outlook for the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

      TRIPS and the Future of the Indian Pharmaceutical

      Industry

      Conclusion

    17. The Indian Patent Law and Access to Antiretroviral
    18. Drugs in Sub-Saharan Africa

      TRIPS and Public Health

      Compulsory Licensing

      Parallel Imports

      The Scope of Patentability

      Indian Patent Law

      African Patent Laws

      The Impact of the Patent Status in India on Access

      in Sub-Saharan Africa

      Lacking Access to Patented Radical Innovative

      Antiretrovirals

      Patents Matter

    19. Accessing Medicines in Developing Economies
    20. Intersection between IPRs and Competition Law

      Refusal to Licence Pharmaceutical Patents in

      South Africa

      Some Considerations

      Abbott’s Withdrawal of Medicine Registration

      Applications in Thailand

      Exclusive Distribution and the High Prices of

      Medicines in Vietnam

      Indian Perspective

      Concluding Remarks

    21. The Politics of AIDS Treatment in Brazil
    22. Introduction

      The Strategy of Local Generic Production

      Challenges to the Sustainability of an Inclusive AIDS

      Treatment Policy

      Restricting Patent Rights to Reduce ARV Costs

      Conclusions

    23. Financing Pharmaceutical Research and
    24. Development: Alternatives to the Patent System

      Problems with the Patent System

      Alternative Mechanisms for Financing R&D

      Conclusion

    25. Post-script

    Glossary

    Biography

    Hans Löfgren is Associate Professor in Politics and Policy Studies, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.