2nd Edition

Resistance Welding Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition

By Hongyan Zhang, Jacek Senkara Copyright 2011
    456 Pages 372 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    472 Pages 372 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Drawing on state-of-the-art research results, Resistance Welding: Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition systematically presents fundamental aspects of important processes in resistance welding and discusses their implications on real-world welding applications. This updated edition describes progress made in resistance welding research and practice since the publication of the first edition.

    New to the Second Edition:

    • Significant addition of the metallurgical aspects of materials involved in resistance welding, such as steels, aluminum and magnesium alloys, zinc, and copper
    • Electric current waveforms commonly used in resistance welding, including single-phase AC, single-phase DC, three-phase DC, and MFDC
    • Magnesium welding in terms of cracking and expulsion
    • The effect of individual welding parameters
    • 2-D and 3-D lobe diagrams
    • New materials for the ultrasonic evaluation of welds, including A-scan, B-scan, and in-line A-scan

    The book begins with chapters on the metallurgical processes in resistance spot welding, the basics of welding schedule selection, and cracking in the nugget and heat-affected zone of alloys. The next several chapters discuss commonly conducted mechanical tests, the monitoring and control of a welding process, and the destructive and nondestructive evaluation of weld quality. The authors then analyze the mechanisms of expulsion—a process largely responsible for defect formation and other unwanted features—and explore an often overlooked topic in resistance welding-related research: the influence of mechanical aspects of welding machines. The final chapters explain how to numerically simulate a resistance welding process and apply statistical design and analysis approaches to welding research.

    To obtain a broad understanding of this area, readers previously had to scour large quantities of research on resistance welding and essential related subjects, such as statistical analysis. This book collects the necessary information in one source for students, researchers, and practitioners in the sheet metal industry. It thoroughly reviews state-of-the-art results in resistance welding research and gives you a solid foundation for solving practical problems in a scientific and systematic manner.

    Welding Metallurgy
    Solidification in Resistance Spot Welding
    Metallurgical Characteristics of Metals
    Embrittlement of Weldment
    Cracking

    Electrothermal Processes of Welding
    Electrical Characteristics of Resistance Welding
    Thermal Characteristics of Resistance Welding
    Electrode Life
    Heat Balance
    Electric Current Waveform

    Weld Discontinuities
    Classification of Discontinuities
    Void Formation in Weld Nuggets
    Cracking in Welding AA6111 Alloys
    Cracking in Welding AA5754 Alloys

    Mechanical Testing
    Introduction
    Shop Floor Practices
    Instrumented Tests

    Resistance Welding Process Monitoring and Control
    Introduction
    Data Acquisition
    Process Monitoring
    Process Control

    Weld Quality and Inspection
    Weld Quality
    Destructive Evaluation
    Nondestructive Evaluation

    Expulsion in Resistance Spot Welding
    Influence of Expulsion on Spot Weld Quality
    Expulsion Process and Detection
    Expulsion Prediction and Prevention
    Examples

    Influence of Mechanical Characteristics of Welding Machines
    Introduction
    Mechanical Characteristics of Typical Spot Welders
    Influence of Machine Stiffness
    Influence of Friction
    Influence of Moving Mass
    Follow-Up in a Welding Cycle
    Squeeze Time and Hold Time Measurement
    Other Factors

    Numerical Simulation in Resistance Spot Welding
    Introduction
    Coupled Electrical-Thermal-Mechanical Analysis
    Simulation of Contact Properties and Contact Area
    Simulation of Other Factors
    Modeling of Microstructure Evolution
    Examples of Numerical Simulation of RSW Processes

    Statistical Design, Analysis, and Inference in Resistance Welding Research
    Introduction
    Basic Concepts and Procedures
    Experiment with Continuous Response
    Experiments with Categorical Responses
    Computer Simulation Experiments
    Summary

    Index

    References appear at the end of each chapter.

    Biography

    Dr. Hongyan Zhang is an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering at the University of Toledo. He has published over 70 peer-reviewed journal and conference papers and contributed to a number of American Welding Society Standards. His research interests include materials, forming, welding, and mechanical fastening; manufacturing process monitoring and control; failure analysis; structural optimization; and hybrid propulsion systems.

    Dr. Jacek Senkara is a professor of the Production Engineering Faculty at Warsaw University of Technology. He has published roughly 100 scientific and technical papers in professional journals and conference proceedings and served as a principal investigator for a number of government, industry, and university-supported research projects. His research interests include materials aspects of welding and welding-related processes, along with the surface modification of materials.

    "The second edition has made a great book even better. It remains a significant, practical aid to anyone interested in a better understanding of resistance welding science and it should be considered for their library."
    Welding Journal, February 2013

    Praise for the First Edition:
    "The chapters are easy to comprehend, and the topics are presented in a 'big picture' basis. … General concepts are the highlight. … There are 20 to 40 references at the end of each chapter, and most of the chapters begin with a good literature, which then allows this book to be used as an introduction to welding at the graduate level in an engineering discipline."
    JOM Online, March 2006

    "[this book] will almost certainly find its way into the library of anyone who needs or wants to understand the physics behind resistance spot welding … [It offers] a detailed analysis of the physics involved in the resistance welding process that is, for the most part, remarkably easy to understand. … They [the authors] have also reinforced their methodical explanations with nearly 300 original graphics … For both the student and process user, there is a lot of basic information presented in an easy-to-read fashion … For theoretical studies or laboratory work, there is a bounty of information beyond the excellent compilation of reference materials. It might be too soon to proclaim this work as historically significant, but it seems a virtual certainty that it will be viewed as such. In any case, the authors have certainly done a great service to the resistance welding industry."
    —David Beneteau, CenterLine Ltd., Windsor, Ontario, Canada