1st Edition

Electricity Pricing Regulated, Deregulated and Smart Grid Systems

    244 Pages 16 Color & 62 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    244 Pages 16 Color & 62 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    244 Pages 16 Color & 62 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Electricity Pricing: Regulated, Deregulated and Smart Grid Systems presents proven methods for supplying uninterrupted, high-quality electrical power at a reasonable price to the consumer. Illustrating the evolution of the power market from a monopoly to an open access system, this essential text:

    • Covers voltage stability analysis of longitudinal power supply systems using an artificial neural network (ANN)
    • Explains how to improve performance using flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) and high-voltage direct current (HVDC)
    • Takes into account operating constraints as well as generation cost, line overload, and congestion for expected and inadvertent loading stress
    • Goes beyond FACTS and HVDC to provide multi-objective optimization algorithms for the deregulated power market
    • Proposes the use of stochastic optimization techniques in the smart grid, preparing the reader for future development

    Electricity Pricing: Regulated, Deregulated and Smart Grid Systems offers practical solutions for improving stability, reliability, and efficiency in real-time systems while optimizing electricity cost.

    List of Figures

    List of Tables

    Preface

    About the Authors

    List of Principal Symbols

    List of Abbreviations

    Prologue

    Motivation of the Book

    Contributions of the Book

    Organization of the Book

    Background and Literature Survey

    Introduction

    Power Network Performance Evaluation

    Importance of Voltage Stability on Performance Evaluation

    Significance of Compensation Techniques

    Optimization Methods with System Performance and Cost Emphasis

    Enrichment of Cost-Governed System Performance in Smart Grid Arena

    Concluding Remarks on Existing Efforts

    Annotating Outline

    Analysis of Voltage Stability of Longitudinal Power Supply System Using an Artificial Neural Network

    Introduction

    Theoretical Development of Voltage Stability and Voltage Collapse

    Theoretical Background of Voltage Instability and Its Causes

    Few Relevant Analytical Methods and Indices for Voltage Stability Assessment

    Theory of ANN

    Attributes of ANNs

    Analysis of Voltage Stability of Multi-Bus Power Network

    Classical Analysis of Voltage Stability

    Application of ANN on Voltage Stability Analysis

    Summary

    Annotating Outline

    Improvement of System Performances Using FACTS and HVDC

    Introduction

    Development of FACTS Controllers

    Modeling of Shunt Compensating Device

    Modeling of Series Compensating Device

    Prologue of High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) System

    Modeling of DC Link

    Improvement of System Performance Using FACTS and HVDC

    Improvement of Voltage Profile of Weak Bus Using SVC

    Application of ANN for the Improvement Voltage Profile Using SVC

    Application of TCSC and HVDC for Upgrading of Cost-Constrained System Performance

    Summary

    Annotating Outline

    Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms for Deregulated Power Market

    Introduction

    Deregulated Power Market Structure

    Soft Computing Methodologies for Power Network Optimizations

    Overview of Genetic Algorithm

    Overview of Particle Swarm Optimization

    Overview of Differential Evolution

    Algorithms for Utility Optimization with Cost and Operational Constraints

    Genetic Algorithm-Based Cost-Constrained Transmission Line Loss Optimization

    GA-Based Generation Cost-Constrained Redispatching Schedules of GENCOs

    Congestion Management Methodologies

    Generator Contribution-Based Congestion Management Using Multi-Objective GA

    DE- and PSO-Based Cost-Governed Multi-Objective Solutions in Contingent State

    Mitigation of Line Congestion and Cost Optimization Using Multi-Objective PSO

    Swarm Intelligence-Based Cost Optimization for Contingency Surveillance

    Summary

    Annotating Outline

    Application of Stochastic Optimization Techniques in the Smart Grid

    Introduction

    Smart Grid and Its Objectives

    Concept of the Smart Grid

    Elementary Objectives of the Smart Grid and Demand Response

    Demand Response-Based Architecture of the Smart Grid

    Effect of DR on the Smart Grid Scenario

    Cost Component of the Smart Grid

    Smart Grid: Cost-Benefit Analysis

    Swarm Intelligence-Based Utility and Cost Optimization

    Cost Objective and Operating Constraints of the Work

    Theory of Cost-Regulated Curtailment Index (CI)

    Cost Realization Methodology Implementation with Swarm Intelligence

    Implementation of the Cost-Effective Methodology with DR Connectivity

    Summary

    Annotating Outline

    Epilogue

    Summary and Conclusions

    Future Scope

    References

    Appendix A: Description of Test Systems

    Appendix B: Development of System Performance Indices

    Index

    Biography

    Sawan Sen holds a B.Sc, B.Tech, M.Tech, and Ph.D from the University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. She is currently an associate professor in the Electrical Engineering Department of the Academy of Technology, Hooghly, India. Her main research interests include power system stability analysis, system performance enhancement, and different soft computing techniques for solving power system problems like congestion management, cost optimization, and electricity pricing under regulated, deregulated, and smart grid environments.

    Samarjit Sengupta holds a B.Sc, B.Tech, M.Tech, and Ph.D from the University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. He is currently a professor of electrical engineering in the Department of Applied Physics at the University of Calcutta. He has published 130 journal papers and eight books on various topics of electrical engineering. His main research interests include power quality instrumentation, power system stability, and security and power system protection. He is a fellow of IET and IETE, as well as a senior member of IEEE.

    Abhijit Chakrabarti holds as Ph.D from the University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. He is currently the vice chancellor of Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India and a professor at the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur. Previously he served on the West Bengal State Council of Higher Education as vice chairman and chairman. A life fellow of IE, he has authored 123 research papers and 12 books, and received the Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya Power Medal. He is a member of the AICTE including the NBA, as well as a member of different expert and policymaking committees for various universities.