1st Edition
Vernacular Heritage and Earthen Architecture
In a continuously changing world, there has been a growing interest in the protection of vernacular heritage and earthen architecture. The need to protect and enhance this fragile heritage via intelligent responses to threats from nature and the environment has become evident.
Historically, vernacular heritage research focussed on philosophical aspects and surveys, while earthen architecture studies emphasized earthen material and construction techniques. However, for these particular forms of heritage to survive, academic research had to shift its focus, so as to respond to new challenges. Vernacular Heritage and Earthen Architecture gathers contributions of key international researchers from 50 countries, and covers a wide variety of topics:
• Cultural heritage and building cultures
• Materials and construction techniques
• Territory and environmental adaptation
• Energy effi ciency and sustainable design
• Natural hazards and risk mitigation
• Education and research focus
Vernacular Heritage & Earthen Architecture: Contributions for Sustainable Development discusses the threats that vernacular and earthen heritage are facing, and refl ects on their important contribution to sustainable development. The book will prove to be a valuable source of information for academics, researchers and professionals in the fi elds of vernacular heritage, conservation, architecture, civil engineering and construction, and can be used as a reference text for undergraduate and post-graduate courses in vernacular heritage and earthen architecture.
Preface
Opening remarks
Organisation and committees
Conference support
Foreword Gisle Jakhelln
Foreword John Hurd
Foreword Hubert Guillaud
Foreword Mariana Correia
Keynote speakers
‘Built to meet Needs’: Paul Oliver and the study of vernacular architecture
M. Vellinga
Cultural values of earthen architecture for sustainable development
H. Guillaud
Theme 1 Cultural heritage and building cultures
Vernacular earthen granaries in Mexico
L. Guerrero
Givaer Island, on the artic coast of Norway—a multifaceted economy surviving on heritage skills
G. Jakhelln
Historic daubed corner-timbered constructions in Czech Republic
Z. Syrová & J. Syrový
The Oga’i of the Mbya Guaraní people in Paraguay: Alternatives for indigenous habitat
S.R. Cabrera & E.G. Nessi
Vernacular houses of Lesvos, Greece: Typology and construction technology
P. Jerome
Building on piles
M. Lewis
Carrasqueira—fishing harbour on stilts, hut village in Portugal
F. Jorge & P. Bruno
Working and living: The fishermen and their settlements in Alagoas, Brazil
M.A. da Silva & L.M. Cerqueira
An example of vernacular architecture in Central Anatolia: The mut houses
B. Çelebioğlu & U. Yergün
The Sami Goahti, an earthen house in the Arctic
R. Sjølie
Researching the traditional building culture of Costa da Lagoa, Santa Catarina, Brazil
I. Kanan
Vernacular architecture in Cuba
D.M. Taboada Espiniella
African-Brazilian architecture in Benin: Rescue and revaluation of traditional techniques
A. Mascarenhas & R.K. Gbénahou
“Sino-Portuguese”: The significance of the Shophouse definition in Southern peninsula, Thailand
N. Chansen
Minka—Japanese immigrant houses in Ribeira Valley, São Paulo, Brazil
A. Hijioka, B. Joaquim & A. Ino
(Re) using adobe—from survey to conservation, from restoration to new construction
V. Mestre
Adobe architecture in Portugal: Differences and analogies between vernacular and ‘designed’ architecture
M. Fernandes
Vernacular rammed earth building typologies in the ancient reign of Seville, Spain
J. Canivell, R. Rodríguez García, A.M. González Serrano & A. Romero Girón
Geographical cataloguing of earthen architecture in Soria, Spain
I.J. Gil Crespo
Contribution to the knowledge of rammed earth houses in Vidigueira, Portugal
N. Fialho
Rural rammed earth houses in Baixo Alentejo, Portugal: Ruin or heritage?
C.S. Pereira
Constructions with terróns in Alta Limia, Galicia: A lost sustainable architecture
A. Fernández Palicio
Vernacular technology in Brazil: Transformation and preservation
M.A.P. Rezende, J.L.R. Leite & F.M.P. Cardoso
Traditional and contemporary constructive cultures: A comparison between building processes
T. Ferreira
Evaluation of planning systems in earthen heritage conservation
M. Correia & N. Walliman
Intangible values of building culture in vernacular architecture
Ö. Karakul
Cultural heritage management and ownership regime in Island of Mozambique
A.T. Silva, R. Derks, A.P. Roders & J. Hougaard
Diagnosis methodology for restoration of Brazilian 18th century buildings
F.M. Tavares & M.T.G. Barbosa
Restoring rural houses in Estonia
J. Metslang
Conservation of architectural heritage in Saudi Arabia: The case study of Jawatha Mosque
M.S. Zami
Conservation problems and recommendations on architectural heritage of Kastamonu Hanö nu, Turkey
K. Güler, Z.C. Keçici, A. Acaralıoğlu & Y. Saluk
Manuals for the recovery of historical centers of Sardinia, Italy
S. Carrucciu
Propaganda, improvements and colonisation: The Estado Novo and the vernacular heritage
V. Ribeiro, J. Aguiar & M. Reimão Costa
Two contests (1907, 2009) for the design of model, vernacular houses for health resort Lądek Zdrój, Poland
E. Trocka-Leszczyńska & A. Tomaszewicz
Changing trade—the Modernist vernacular as idiom in South Africa
D. Whelan
The city vernacular in South Africa
Z.G. Wessels & G. Bosman
Contemporary vernacular as a diffusion of an innovation process
J.A. Al-Qawasmi
Continuity and change of Thai vernacular building tradition in Thailand
P. Nimsamer & N. Walliman
Appropriate moderness and the popular pattern of the “Indiana” architecture
A. Lima
The effects of socio-economic change on vernacular architecture
B. Cantimur
Harmonic Diachrony: Current use of traditional techniques in rehabilitation projects
M. Alcindor & O. Roselló
Küreken 2013: Designing a new village with rammed earth construction in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey
B. Çiçek
Mértola, museology and earthen architecture in Portugal
R. Melo da Rosa
Contemporary earthen architecture in the south west of Portugal, meanings of a heritage
S.T. Sequeira
Theme 2 Materials and constructive techniques
A preliminary study on the construction systems of house types in Timor-Leste (East Timor)
Y.R. Chen, C.P. Pan, Y.L. Lim, M.Y. Ng & W.W. Huang
A report of turf ridge (shibamune) in Japanese thatched folk houses
S. Ono & Y. Yamada
Construction techniques of the vernacular architecture of the Eastern Black Sea Region
K. Güler & A.C. Bilge
Cob in Spain
C. Mileto, F. Vegas López-Manzanares, V. Cristini & L. García Soriano
Traditional materials and construction techniques in the rural settlement Baspinar, Turkey
M. Efeoğlu & A. Çiftçi
Living with bamboo and plant leaves: Thailand’s last community of traditional bamboo huts
V. Vacharasin
Stone constructions in corbelling
B. Juvanec
Architectural heritage of the north eastern Portugal: History, construction and valorisation
L. Martins, G. Vasconcelos & P.B. Lourenço
An example of vernacular architecture: Traditional houses of Adana, Turkey
N. Umar, C. Karbeyaz & Ö.O. Polat
Architectural morphology and construction techniques of traditional Yoran houses, Turkey
U. Yergün, C.I. Gençer, B. Çelebioğlu & A. Çiftçi
Typological research on traditional community house of the Katu ethnic minority in Vietnam
P.H. Truong, H. Kobayashi & T.N. Nguyen
The vernacular house between the Cá vado and the Ave, Portugal
C.E. Barroso, D.V. Oliveira, L.F. Ramos & P.B. Lourenço
Body-based units of measurement for building Katu community houses in Central Vietnam
H. Kobayashi & T.N. Nguyen
Rammed earth walls in the late middle age castles in the actual province of Soria, Spain
I.J. Gil Crespo
Timber roof structures of centenary earthen buildings—case studies
A. Tavares, A. Costa & H. Varum
The importance of knowledge on the vernacular heritage preservation
A. Costa, D. Silveira, A. Tavares, H. Varum, C. Almeida & A. Arêde
Recycling of bricks in rammed earth walls
V. Cristini, C. Mileto, F. Vegas López-Manzanares & J.R. Ruíz Checa
Gypsum as reinforcement for floors: Conceptual approach
F. Vegas López-Manzanares, C. Mileto, V. Cristini, J.R. Ruíz Checa & V. La Spina
Adequacy of mortars for adobe building renders
A. Velosa & H. Varum
Use of plasters containing straw in vernacular architecture
M. Golež & A. Mauko
Evaluation of air lime and clayish earth mortars for earthen wall renders
P. Faria, V. Silva, N. Jamú, I. Dias & M.I. Gomes
Cattail-reinforced clay plasters in building heritage preservation and new constructions
G.P. Georgiev, W. Theuerkorn, M. Krus & R. Kilian
Strategies to improve earth building durability
R. Eires, A. Camões & M. Ponte
Lime and colour technologies in the vernacular architecture of the Algarve, Portugal
M. Santos, J. Pernão, J. Aguiar & M. Reimão Costa
Theme 3 Territory and environmental adaptation
Understanding landscape and the values of traditional architecture and construction
F. Vela Cossío & I. Salto-Weis Azevedo
Good practice for the conservation of urban settlements, vernacular architecture and surrounding landscapes
R. Eppich, J.C. Espada, C. Cruz & A. Kulmer
Watermills and traditional landscape in the hills of the Algarve, Portugal
M. Barão, T. Valente & M. Reimão Costa
Watermills and weirs from the Ave River: An inter-municipal heritage value in Portugal
R.B. Matos
The Pesqueiras of Minho River—a vernacular heritage to preserve
F. Pacheco, A. Fernandes, X. Ollero & C. Antunes
Apiary-walls and pitfall-traps in Portugal: Archaic constructions for wild animals
J.C. Caninas, F. Henriques & F. Álvares
Brandas and Inverneiras of Castro Laboreiro, Portugal—a settlement model in a high mountain territory
G. Sousa & R. Correia
Vernacular settlements in Serra da Peneda, Portugal: The case of Rouças and Gavieira
A.F. Gomes
Architecture(s) in Serra da Peneda, Portugal: An approach to settlements on the territory
F.C. Barros
Dry stone buildings in Sicily, Italy: An environmental and territorial resource
L. Dipasquale, V. Megna & R. Prescia
Underground dwellings in the Tajuña valley, Madrid, Spain and their bioclimatic adaptation
M.M. Barbero Barrera, I.J. Gil Crespo, L. Maldonado Ramos & J. de Cárdenas y Chávarri
Bioclimatic comparative analysis in vernacular architecture: Two Sardinia examples
L.G.F. Cannas & G. Desogus
Archaeological and vernacular heritage coexistence in rural areas: Didyma, Turkey
E.O. Polat, E.H. Aslan & B.C. Çetin
Cacela revisited: A brief study of the architecture and landscape of Algarve, Portugal
M. Reimão Costa & D. Batista
Relating religious and vernacular architecture: Convent of Santo António, a case study in Portugal
A. Rodrigues & A.P. Roders
The melting vernacular architecture in Maramureş, Romania
L. Zaharia
The unrecognized bedouin villages—internal spatial order as a basis for development
Y. Manor-Rosner, Y. Rofè & S. Abu-Rabia-Queder
Vernacular architecture in Oman: A case study of transition from wood to cement
S. Abdulac
From universal to local: Challenges of safeguarding the vernacular architecture in Turkey
T.G. Köksal, D. İkiz & B.S. Coşkun
The patio house in Morocco: A sustainable design strategy
B. Aguilar, L. Dipasquale & S. Mecca
Urban heritage in Setúbal’s domestic architecture, Portugal
I.S. Macedo
Vernacular architecture within the urban Master Plan of Maia, Portugal
A.T. Ribeiro, L.F. Loureiro, L. Lousan, R.T. Menezes & S. Aveiro
Saving Cumalıkızık for the future: Cultural heritage in Turkey
A.Z. Ahunbay, T. Ayrancılar, A. Polat & A. Uray
Common cultural heritage in two Ottoman ports: Smyrna and Salonica
C.I. Gençer
Theme 4 Energy efficiency and sustainable design
Study for the rehabilitation of vernacular architecture with sustainable criteria
I. Costa Carrapiço & J. Neila-González
The microclimatic design of Southern Sardinian loggias in Italy
M. Achenza, G. Chiri & I. Giovagnorio
Assessing energetic self-sufficiency and low environmental impact in Pontes, Portugal
I. Cabral, G. Machado & A. Coelho
Energy efficient design strategies for contemporary vernacular buildings in Egypt
M. Dabaieh
Responding to extreme climatic conditions through Shovadan architecture, in Dezful, Iran
Z. Hosseini & R. Vatankhah
Efforts to resurrect and adapt earth building and passive solar techniques in Ladakh, India
N. Joshi
Vernacular principles towards eco-efficiency: A case study in Santiago do Cacém, Portugal
M. Sampaio & B. Marques
The potential of vernacular materials to the sustainable building design
J. Fernandes, R. Mateus & L. Bragança
Evaluation of sustainable design elements in the historic centre of Nicosia, Cyprus
M. Philokyprou, A. Michael, S. Thravalou & I. Ioannou
Local potentials for a sustainable heritage management
A.M. Labo & D.F. Paraschiv
The case of village Maće, Republic of Serbia
M. Dragišić & Z. Đorđević
Added value by benchmarking: Comparing existing buildings to demonstrate their potential
N. Silva Brito & M. Gameiro da Silva
Sustainability of vernacular houses in the inner towns of Muğla, Turkey: Architectural typology and its transformation
O.B. Avsar & E.A. Levi
Theme 5 Natural hazards and risk mitigation
Seismic-V: Vernacular seismic culture in Portugal
M. Correia, G. Carlos, S. Rocha, P.B. Lourenço, G. Vasconcelos & H. Varum
The history of New Zealand housing and the performance of different styles in the 2011 Christchurch earthquakes
H. Morris & M. Worth
Japanese Dozo-structured buildings damaged by the 2011 Tohoku’s Earthquake
Y. Yamada, B.S. Hirata & S. Ono
Improvement of vernacular housing for disaster prone areas in Bangladesh: A six year experience
O. Moles, M.S. Islam, T.R. Hossain & R.K. Podder
Seismic risk mitigation of Lorca historic centre masonry residential buildings, in Spain
A. Guardiola-Víllora & L. Basset-Salom
Vulnerability assessment of churches under earthquake hazard
E. Paupério, X. Romão, A. Arêde & A. Costa
Learning from vernacular building practices: A starting point for risk mitigation
A. Caimi & M. Hofmann
A vernacular architectonic tradition hidden behind facades: Concepción’s case in Chile
H. Capellà Miternique
Vernacular heritage seismic risk management—ongoing educational project
J. Vargas Neumann, S. Rodríguez-Larraín, T. Montoya Robles & S. Onnis
Runner beams as a building element of masonry walls in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey
Z. Inan
Experimental investigation on the repair of rammed earth by means of injection of mud grouts
R.A. Silva, D.V. Oliveira, P.B. Lourenço, L. Schueremans & T. Miranda
Contemporary installations with timber from disaster reconstructions
M.B. Dan & D. Mendes
Theme 6 Education and new research focus
The DSA-earthen architecture: A tool to convey the lessons of vernacular architecture
B. Rakotomamonjy, S. Moriset, D. Gandreau & H. Guillaud
Five years working with the youth: Re-evaluation of earthen heritage in the Western Himalayas
M. Oeter & A. Skedzuhn
Addressing Southeast Asian vernacular architecture studies in the changing environment
R. Oranratmanee
Vernacular architecture as part of the education of building design
V. Von Gaudecker & L. Koch
Exposing architecture students to vernacular concepts
J.H. Nel & G. Bosman
Using old farm buildings for transmitting vernacular traditions in Ireland
A. Meenan & C. Murray
Reading vernacular heritage: The case of Sino-French joint workshop of Liang Cun, China
Y. Shao
Workshop for theoretical and practical conservation of vernacular architecture in Greece
N.A. Lianos
Promoting vernacular architecture as a central topic in academic research and education in Mexico
R. Pennacchio & R. Nicchia
Earthen architecture, culture of transition and self-construction
P. Costa
Contribution of the audio-visual heritage for the dissemination of the vernacular architecture
J. Marques
Digital tectonic: Rethinking building with earth in architecture
B. Varela, A. Paio & V. Rato
Managing data on construction techniques and damage using digital media
X. Romão, E. Paupério & A. Costa
Austronesian houses analyses trough the WDRS-Database
W.W. Huang, A. Fujii, M.H. Wang & Y.R. Chen
Three-dimensional reconstitution of an ex-place: The submerged Vilarinho da Furna, Portugal
D.A. Carvalho, L.M. Mateus & V.M. Ferreira
VerSus: Vernacular heritage contribution to sustainable architecture
M. Correia, G. Carlos, J. Merten, D. Viana & S. Rocha
Preserving vernacular architecture through community intervention and volunteer programmes
J.D. Badillo
Vernacular living as a model for innovation and sustainability: The wood furniture of Minho region
D. Alves, L.P. Pacheco, J. Vicente & G. Sousa
Research in vernacular architecture in Mexico
G. Torres Zárate
Which are the keys for earth building reintroduction in Spanish building system?
A. Castellarnau Visús
Social and human aspects in the use of vernacular knowledge
N. Rey Cuellar
Author index
Biography
Mariana Correia, Gilberto Carlos, Sandra Rocha