Newly revised and edited, this comprehensive volume provides up-to-date information on the latest developments which impact planning and design of electrical distribution systems. Addressing topics such as mechanical designs, materials improvements, total quality control, computer, and electronic circuitry, this book answers questions on everything from the basics of electrical and mechanical design to the selection of optimum materials and equipment. Beginning with initial planning consideration, this book gives a step-by-step guide through each stage of mechanical design of the principal facilities, including substation installation. Also included is data-backed assessment of the latest advance in materials, conductors, insulators, transformers, regulators, capacitators, switches, and substation equipment. Also covered is key non-technical and operation considerations such as safety, quality of service, load shedding, brownouts, demand controls and more. New material in the third edition includes data on polymer insulators, expansion of coverage of cogeneration, distributed generation and underground systems.
Preface
History and Development
PART ONE THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The Distribution System: Description
Distribution System Considerations
Desired Features
Types of Electric Systems
Types of Delivery Systems
Overheard versus Underground
PART TWO PLANNING AND DESIGN
Load Characteristics
Connected Loads
Consumer Factors
Consumer Classification
Fluctuation in Demand
Future Requirements
Voltage Requirements
Service Reliability
Electrical Design
Services
The Secondary System
The Primary System
Voltage Regulators
Taps
Boosters
Capacitors
Reactors
Transformers
Substations
Protective Devices
Fault-Current Calculation
Street Lighting
Practical Basis of Design
Mechanical Design: Overhead
Criteria
Poles
Cross Arms
Pins
Secondary Racks
Insulators
Guys and Anchors
Conductors
Grades of Construction
Clearances
Joint Construction
Practical Design Methods
Appendix 5A Practical Method of Calculating Pole and Guy Sizes
Introduction
Pole Class Requirements
Guying Requirements
Appendix 5B Examples
Appendix 5C Concrete and Metal Poles
Introduction
Construction
Installation
Design
Mechanical Design: Underground
High-Density Loads: City and Downtown Areas
Practical Manhole Design Procedure
Design Loading
Design Stress Bases
Wall Design
Roof Design
Floor Design
Reinforcing Specifications
Gratings
Construction Practices
Reinforced Concrete Design
Sample Design Problem
Underground Residential Distribution (URD)
Design of Direct-buried Electrical Distribution Systems
Appendix 6A Technical Reference Data
Use of Load-Estimating Curves for Residential Loads Including space Heating
Use of the URD-Loop Primary Conductor Size-Selector Chart
Distribution Substations
Site Selection
General Design Features
Substation Construction
One-Line Diagrams of Connections
Metering
Scope
Operation-Monitoring Meters
Revenue Metering
Wiring Diagrams
Electronic Metering
Transducers
PART THREE MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Conductors
Introduction
Materials
Cables
Secondary Mains
Service Conductors
Connections
Overheard-to-underground Connection
Ties
Electrical Characteristics
Poles, Cross Arms, Pins, Racks, and Insulators
Wood Poles
Concrete and Metal Poles
Concrete Poles
Metal Poles
Cross Arms
Pins
Racks
Insulators
Test Voltages
Appendix 10A Concrete Distribution Poles: Representative Specifications
Scope
Shape
Dimensions and Strength
Colors and Finishes
Materials
General Requirements
Manufacture
Transformers, Cutouts and Surge Arresters
Transformers
Distribution Transformers
Fuse Cutouts
Surge Arresters
Regulators Capacitors, Switches, and Reclosers
Voltage Regulators
Capacitors
Switches
Circuit Breakers
Reclosers
Distribution Substation Equipment
Equipment
Transformers
Circuit Breakers and Protective Relaying
Fuses
Disconnect and Air-Break Switches
Surge or Lighting Arresters
Voltage Regulators
Storage Batteries
Measuring Instruments
Capacitors and Street Lighting Equipment
Buses and Buss Supports
All Substation Equipment
PART FOUR U.S. ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005
U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005
Preface
Wind Power
Solar Power
Other "Green" Fuels
Conservation
Storage
The Primary Circuit
PART FIVE OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Nontechnical Considerations
Introduction
Safety
Quality of Service
Economy
Conclusion
Operating Considerations
Introduction
Quality of Service
Load Shedding
Cogeneration and Distributed Generation
Metering
Remote meter Reading and Demand Control
Transformer Load Monitoring
Power Factor Correction
Demand Control
Demand Control (or Peak Suppression)
Conclusion
APPENDIXES
Appendix A Circuit Analysis Methods
Introduction
Circuit Transformations
Superposition Theorem
Symmetrical Components
Sequence Filters
Appendix B Economic Studies
Introduction
Annual Charges
Broad Annual Charge
Time Value of Money
Examples
Procedure for Economic Studies
Conclusion
Appendix C The Grid Coordinate System: Trying Maps to Computers
Introduction
Grid Coordinate Maps
Coordinate Data Handling
Other Applications
Economics
Appendix D Automated Distribution Comes of Age
Introduction
Bringing the Islands of Communication
Single Functions Now Justify Installation
Simulating an Operator’s Decisions
Load Management Tool
Automated distribution Features
Installing an Automated Distribution System
Conclusion
Appendix E U.S. and Metric Relationships Index
Index
Biography
Anthony J.Pansini
