1st Edition
Power System Operations and Electricity Markets
The electric power industry in the U.S. has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. Tight regulations enacted in the 1970's and then de-regulation in the 90's have transformed it from a technology-driven industry into one driven by public policy requirements and the open-access market. Now, just as the utility companies must change to ensure their survival, engineers and other professionals in the industry must acquire new skills, adopt new attitudes, and accommodate other disciplines.
Power System Operations and Electricity Markets provides the information engineers need to understand and meet the challenges of the new competitive environment. Integrating the business and technical aspects of the restructured power industry, it explains, clearly and succinctly, how new methods for power systems operations and energy marketing relate to public policy, regulation, economics, and engineering science. The authors examine the technologies and techniques currently in use and lay the groundwork for the coming era of unbundling, open access, power marketing, self-generation, and regional transmission operations.
The rapid, massive changes in the electric power industry and in the economy have rendered most books on the subject obsolete. Based on the authors' years of front-line experience in the industry and in regulatory organizations, Power System Operations and Electricity Markets is current, insightful, and complete with Web links that will help readers stay up to date.
The Evolution of the Electric Power Industry
Energy Conservation in the Pre-energy Crises Environment
The Energy Crisis and Its Impact on the Electric Power
Industry
Restructuring and the Transition to More Competitive Power Markets
The Fundamentals and Terminology of Power Industry
Change
Historic and Future Structure of the Electric Power Industry
The Mechanics of Restructuring Power Markets
The First Major Challenges to the System: The California Restructuring Experience
Introduction
Background on the Creation of the Competitive California
Market
The Capacity Availability Dilemma
Transactional Limitations for Buyers and Sellers
Failure of Analysis
Conclusions
Power Marketers in a Restructured Power Industry
Introduction
What is a Power Marketer?
Opening the Door to Power Marketers
Who are Power Marketers?
The Power Markets
Services Offered by Power Marketers
Conclusion
The Role of Distributed Energy Resources in a Restructured Power Industry
Introduction
A Definition of DER
UDC Disincentives Associated with Developing DER
Applications
Interconnection Issues
Rate Design Issues
Wheeling Power at the Distribution Level
Conclusions
Independent Power Generation
Introduction
The Origins of Competitive Wholesale Markets
Who are Independent Power Developers?
Analyzing the Investment Opportunity
Transmission Issues Associated with IPP Development
Conclusions
Understanding Both Technical and Business Factors
A Brief History
The Current Situation
Industry Standards Relating to Electrical Safety
NERC Reliability Practices and Standards
Laws and Regulations Relating to Competition and Open
Access
The Business Environment and NERC Business Practice Standards
End-of-Chapter Questions
The North American Bulk Electric System
The Evolution of System Operations and Control
The Big Machines
End-of-Chapter Questions
Methods for Economically Operating a Power System
Operating Economics, Control Systems, and Power
Systems Reliability
A Single Generating Unit
Two Generating Units
End-of-Chapter Questions
Power Generation Control
The Definition of Automatic Generation Control
Changing Automatic Generation Control Objectives
Control Performance Criteria
End-of-Chapter Questions
New Reliability and Control Concepts
The Layman's Definition of Reliability
The Academic and Traditional Definitions of Reliability
North American Electric Reliability Council Reliability
Definitions
Traditional Power System Operations in Control Areas
The New Paradigm: Operating and Service Functions
End-of-Chapter Questions
Available Transfer Capability
A New Methodology for Assessing Transmission Line
Limitations
Guiding Principles for ATC Calculations
End-of-Chapter Questions
Network Congestion and Transmission Loading Relief
The Network Congestion Problem
The Transmission Loading Relief Approach
Criticisms of the TLR Approach
Network Congestion Data
End-of-Chapter Questions
The Use of Power Flow and Stability Analysis Tools
Operating Security Limit (OSL) Violations
Tools for Determining OSL Violations
End-of-Chapter Questions
Technology Needs for the Electric Power Industry
Opportunities and Threats
Lessons from the Past
An Overview of the Problem
Summary
End-of-Chapter Questions
Index
Biography
Denny, Fred I.; Dismukes, David E.
"…a very good book directed toward undergraduate engineering students… The authors clearly explain market mechanisms and the restructured wholesale power industry…Especially, the authors provide an accurate and thorough discussion of power system operations and technology and how these both impact and enable the new competitive power markets to function. This book will make an excellent adjunct work for undergraduate or first-year graduate courses in power engineering. …it provides clear technical descriptions of power generation and distribution systems operations, and insight into how evolving power systems technology will impact and enable new competitive power markets."
- CHOICE
