This work describes experimental techniques using laser spectroscopy and presents specific practical applications for this technology in many fields, including physics, engineering, chemistry, medicine and bioscience. The general spectroscopic features of molecules are delineated; transition metal and rare earth complexes are examined; and transition selection rules are explained.
Preface
Introduction
Interaction of Light with Molecules - An Overview
Overview of molecular energy levels
Transition selection rules and spectra
Selection rules
Spectra
Lifetimes
Polarization
Fluorescence anisotropy
Raman scattering
Selection rules
Intermolecular energy transfer
Transition metals and rare earths
d-d transitions
The ligand field
f-f transitions
General principles of laser operation
Concluding remarks
Components of Spectroscopic Instrumentation
Absorption spectrophotometers
Spectrofluorometers
Synchronous luminescence spectroscopy
Components of spectroscopic instrumentation
The light source
Monochromator gratings
Photomultiplier tubes
Filters
Signal processing electronics
The lock-in amplifier
The photon counter
The boxcar average
Light modulators
The acousto-optic modulator
The electro-optic modulator
Imaging devices
Optical multichannel analyzers
Image intensifiers
Concluding remarks
Adsorption-Based Laser Spectroscopy
Modified absorption techniques with lasers
Differential absorption
Differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL)
Methane sensing at ground level
Intracavity absorption-based techniques
Concluding remarks
Photoluminescence Intensity-Based Laser Spectroscopy
Modified fluorescence techniques with lasers
Laser fluorescence spectroscopy applications
Aging of power transmission cable insulation
Laser applications in criminology
Miscellaneous luminescence intensity-based applications
Pump-probe techniques
Confocal scanning
Intracellular calcium ion concentration measurement in biochemistry/biomedicine
Concluding remarks
Photoluminescence Life-Time-Based Laser Spectroscopy
Time-domain techniques
Boxcar average-type techniques
Pule-sampling techniques
Deconvolution of luminescence and instrument response
Frequency-domain techniques
Pump-probe techniques
Applications of time-domain techniques involving long lifetimes
High-temperature laser thermometry
Lime temperature measurement in paper manufacture
Time-resolved fingerprint detection
Biomedical applications
Applications of time-domain techniques involving short lifetimes
Time-domain fluorescence microscopy imaging in biochemistry/biomedicine
Applications of frequency-domain techniques
Frequency-domain fluorescence microscopy imaging in biochemistry/biomedicine
Applications of pump-probe techniques
Concluding remarks
Laser Raman Spectroscopy
Spontaneous Raman scattering
Raman LIDAR
Resonance Raman scattering
Applications of resonance Raman scattering
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
CARS for combustion diagnostics
Miscellaneous nonlinear Raman techniques
Concluding remarks
Selected Applications of Laser Spectroscopy
Laser spectroscopy in shock dynamics
Large-scale optical memories
The two-photon photorefractive approach
3-D voxel memory based on two-photon processes
Photon echo and hole burning memories
Related research
Laser spectroscopy applications in medicine
Photodynamic therapy
Tissue identification and ablation
Laser lithotripsy of biliary calculi
Laser spectroscopy in analytical chemistry
Selective determination of gases
Trace detection of metals
Detection of amino acids
Immunofluorescence
Laser spectroscopy applications to semiconductors
Semiconductor fluorescence mapping
Control of wafer etching
Isotope separation
Concluding remarks
Selected Spectroscopic Techniques
Multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy
Modulation-type spectroscopies
Thermal modulation spectroscopy
Electric field modulation spectroscopy
Optically detected magnetic resonance
Photoacoustic spectroscopy
Photothermal (thermal lensing) spectroscopy
Circular dichrosim spectroscopy
Polarization spectroscopy
Frequency modulation spectroscopy
Doppler-free spectroscopies
Spectroscopy with collimated molecular beams
Spectroscopy with supersonic beams
Two-photon spectroscopy
Site selection spectroscopies
Hole burning
Persistent hole burning and holographic data storage
Dilution narrowing
Photon burst spectroscopy
Multiphoton ionization
Evanescent wave-excited fluorescence
Immunosensing
Near-field microscopy
Shpol`skii matrix spectroscopy
Room-temperature phosphorescence
Concluding remarks
Lasers and Emerging Spectroscopies
Tunable mid-infrared lasers
Color-center lasers
Optical parametric oscillators
Ring lasers
Generation of ultrashort pulses
Regenerative amplifiers
On x-ray laser prospects
Background on x-rays
Stimulated x-ray emission in crystals
Concluding remarks
Index
Biography
E. Roland Menzel
". . .presents[s] a collection of interesting applications for laser spectroscopy with a particular concentration on unusual applications. There are nearly 100 examples described. . . .of most interest to chemists, but there is much in [the book] that applies to physicists and engineers as well. "
---Journal of the American Chemical Society