2nd Edition

Infrared Technology Fundamentals

By Schlessinger Copyright 1995

    This work provides a basic understanding of the physical background and engineering considerations required for the design of IR systems, examining all components and combining them into examples of current surveillance systems. This second edition presents: new coverage of state-of-the-art optical systems, including lightweight mirrors and adaptive optics; planar-hybrid and Z-technology focal planes; the design of a ground-based IR astronomical telescope and the performance equations of laser-radar systems; and more.

    About the Series

    Preface

    What is Infrared?

    How It All Began

    The Electromagnetic Spectrum

    Waveband Names

    IR Based on Physiology

    Radiation Laws

    Radiation Laws in Photons

    Symbols, Unity, Nomenclature

    References

    Infrared Radiometry

    Pure Radiometry

    Spectral Radiant Sterance (Spectral Radiance)

    Spectral Radiant Intensity

    Radiometric Relationships (Identities)

    IR Radiometry

    Transfer of Radiant Energy

    IR System Relationship

    References

    Infrared Sources

    Introduction

    Targets and Backgrounds

    Infrared Sources

    Target Detection

    Origin of Infrared Emission

    Natural Sources

    Black- and Graybodies

    Earth Backgrounds

    Sky Backgrounds

    References

    Atmospherics

    Introduction

    Atmospheric Attenuation

    Scattering

    References

    Optics

    Introduction

    Visible/IR Differences

    Power Transfer Through a Material

    Useful Definitions

    Geometric Image Formation Rules

    Telescopes

    Diffraction and Detector Size

    Optical Defects

    Special infrared Optics

    Optical Design

    Filters

    Straylight Rejection

    System Considerations

    State of the Art

    References

    Detectors and Focal Planes

    Introduction

    History

    Semiconductor Devices

    Detector Performance

    Arrays of Detectors and Focal Plane Assemblies

    References

    Starers Versus Scanners

    Introduction

    Basic Concepts

    Starer Versus Scanner Performance

    References

    Thermal Images

    Introduction

    Scan Methods

    Forward-Looking Infrared Radiometer (FLIR) Imaging

    Electronic Zoom

    Improved Thermal Resolution

    Anamorphic Optics

    Improved Scan Mechanism

    DC Restoration and Automatic Responsivity Control

    Detector Uniformity-Staring Arrays

    References

    Signal Processing

    Introduction

    State of the Art

    Detection, Correlation, and Tracking

    A Comparison of Planar and Z-Technology Focal Planes for Dim Target Detection

    References

    Systems

    Introduction

    Development of the Range Equation

    System Concepts and Applications

    Laser Radar Systems

    References

    Processors

    Introduction

    Requirements and Design Implications

    State of the Art

    References

    Cryogenic Coolers

    Introduction

    Expendable Cryogens

    Static Cooling Systems

    Active Cooling Systems (for Space Systems)

    Active Refrigeration Systems

    References

    Testing

    Introduction

    Testing of Focal Plane Arrays

    Testing at the System Level

    References

    Simulation and Modeling

    Introduction

    The Sensor Model

    The Scene Model

    References

    Appendix: Visual Magnitudes and Plates, Spheres and Cylinders Under Solar Illumination

    Introduction

    Plate

    Sphere

    Cylinder

    Index

    Biography

    Monroe Schlessinger

    ". . .The author provides a great deal of material derived from his extensive experience in designing and simulating infrared systems. Much of this material is not available elsewhere in book form. . .The treatment of hardware design tradeoffs is excellent. . . The book also provides unusual depth on hardware and algorithms for detection and track estimation. "
    ---Optics & Photonics News
    ". . .a valuable overview. . .useful to both those working in the field or attempting to design systems. "
    ---Indian Journal of Physics