1st Edition
Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives
Despite two decades of massive strides in research and development on control strategies and their subsequent implementation, most books on permanent magnet motor drives still focus primarily on motor design, providing only elementary coverage of control and converters.
Addressing that gap with information that has largely been disseminated only in journals and at conferences, Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives is a long-awaited comprehensive overview of power electronic converters for permanent magnet synchronous machines and control strategies for variable-speed operation. It introduces machines, power devices, inverters, and control, and addresses modeling, implementation, control strategies, and flux weakening operations, as well as parameter sensitivity, and rotor position sensorless control. Suitable for both industrial and academic audiences, this book also covers the simulation, low cost inverter topologies, and commutation torque ripple of PM brushless DC motor drives. Simulation of the motor drives system is illustrated with MATLAB® codes in the text.
This book is divided into three parts—fundamentals of PM synchronous and brushless dc machines, power devices, inverters; PM synchronous motor drives, and brushless dc motor drives. With regard to the power electronics associated with these drive systems, the author:
- Explores use of the standard three-phase bridge inverter for driving the machine, power factor correction, and inverter control
- Introduces space vector modulation step by step and contrasts with PWM
- Details dead time effects in the inverter, and its compensation
- Discusses new power converter topologies being considered for low-cost drive systems in PM brushless DC motor drives
This reference is dedicated exclusively to PM ac machines, with a timely emphasis on control and standard, and low-cost converter topologies. Widely used for teaching at the doctoral level and for industrial audiences both in the U.S. and abroad, it will be a welcome addition to any engineer’s library.
PART I: Introduction to Permanent Magnets and Machines and Converters and Control
Chapter 1 Permanent Magnets and Machines
Permanent Magnets
Arrangement of PMs
Magnetization of PMs
PM ac Machines
Fundamentals of Synchronous Machines
Fundamental Synchronous Machine Relationships
Core Losses
Resistive Losses
Initial Machine Design
Cogging Torque
Basic Types of PMSMs Based on Flux Paths
Vibration and Noise
Chapter 2 Introduction to Inverters and Their Control
Power Device
DC Input Source
DC to ac Power Conversion
Real Power
Reactive Power
Need for Inverter Control
Pulse Width Modulation
Hysteresis Current Control
Space Vector Modulation
Inverter Switching Delay
Input Power Factor Correction Circuit
Four-Quadrant Operation
Converter Requirements
PART II: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines and Their Control
Chapter 3 Dynamic Modeling of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines
Real-Time Model of a Two-Phase PMSM
Transformation to Rotor Reference Frames
Three-Phase to Two-Phase Transformation
Zero Sequence Inductance Derivation
Power Equivalence
Electromagnetic Torque
Steady-State Torque Characteristics
Models in Flux Linkages
Equivalent Circuits
Per Unit Model
Dynamic Simulation
Small-Signal Equations of the PMSM
Evaluation of Control Characteristics of the PMSM
Computation of Time Responses
Space Phasor Model
Chapter 4 Control Strategies for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
Vector Control
Derivation of Vector Control
Drive System Schematic
Control Strategies
Chapter 5 Flux-Weakening Operation
Maximum Speed
Flux-Weakening Algorithm
Direct Flux Weakening
Parameter Sensitivity
Model-Free (Parameter-Insensitive) Flux-Weakening Method
Six-Step Voltage and Constant Back EMF Control
Strategies for PMSM
Direct Steady-State Evaluation
Flux Weakening in SMPM and IPM Synchronous Machines
Chapter 6 Design of Current and Speed Controllers
Current Controller
Speed Controller
Chapter 7 Parameter Sensitivity and Compensation
Introduction
Parameter Compensation through Air Gap Power Feedback Control
Parameter Compensation by Reactive Power Feedback Control
Chapter 8 Rotor Position Estimation and Position Sensorless Control
Current Model Adaptive Scheme
Sensing by External Signal Injection
Current Model-Based Injection Scheme
Position Estimation Using PWM Carrier Components
PART III: Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Machines and Their Control
Chapter 9 PM Brushless DC Machine
Modeling of PM Brushless DC Motor
Normalized System Equations
The PMBDCM Drive Scheme
Dynamic Simulation
Chapter 10 Commutation Torque Ripple and Phase Advancing
Commutation Torque Ripple
Phase Advancing
Dynamic Modeling
Chapter 11 Half-Wave PMBDCM Drives
Split Supply Converter Topology
C-Dump Topology
Variable DC Link Converter Topology
Variable Voltage Converter Topology with Buck-Boost Front-End
Chapter 12 Design of Current and Speed Controllers
Transfer Function of Machine and Load
Inverter Transfer Function
Transfer Functions of Current and Speed Controllers
Current Feedback
Speed Feedback
Design of Controllers
Chapter 13 Sensorless Control of PMBDCM Drive
Current Sensing
Position Estimation
Chapter 14 Special Issues
Torque Smoothing
Parameter Sensitivity of the PMBDCM Drive
Faults and Their Diagnosis
Vibration and Noise
Biography
R. Krishnan is a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA, and the director of the Center for Rapid Transit Systems, specializing in linear and rotating motor drives. He is the author of Switched Reluctance Motor Drives (CRC Press), among other books, and his inventions have been prominently featured in radio, TV, and newspapers such as The Wall Street Journal. He has served as a consultant for 18 companies in the United States and has received best paper prize awards from the IEEE Industry Applications Society’s Industrial Drives Committee and the Electric Machines Committee, and Industrial Electronics Society. An IEEE Fellow, Professor Krishnan was awarded the Mittelman Award for outstanding achievement in industrial electronics from that society. He is a founder of two companies involved in variable speed motor drives, and he is a co-founder of a linear motor drives company.
