Emphasizing four major classes of polymers for drug delivery-water-soluble polymers, hydrogels, biodegradable polymers, and polymer assemblies-this reference surveys efforts to adapt, modify, and tailor polymers for challenging molecules such as poorly water-soluble compounds, peptides/proteins, and plasmid DNA.
Preface
Contributors
N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Copolymer Conjugates
Ruth Duncan
Background
HPMA Copolymer Conjugates—An Historical Perspective
Synthesis and Characterization of HPMA Copolymer Conjugates
Biological Rationale for Design and Potential Applications
Clinical Status of HPMA Copolymer Conjugates
Other Applications
Related Technologies
Future Prospects
Functional PEG for Drug Delivery
Motoi Oishi, Yukio Nagasaki, and Kazunori Kataoka
Introduction
Synthesis of Heterotelechelic Poly(ethylene Glycol)s
Synthesis of an End-Functionalized Block Copolymer Possessing a PEG Segment
Bioconjugation Using Heterotelechelic PEG
Functionalized Polymeric Micelles by a Self-Assemblingof End-Functionalized PEG Block Copolymers
Conclusion
pH-Sensitive Polymers for Drug Delivery
Kun Na and You Han Bae
Introduction
pH Variation in the Body
pH-Sensitive Polymers
Oral Delivery
Parenteral Drug Carriers
Conclusion
Hydrogels for Oral Administration
Seong Hoon Jeong, Yourong Fu, and Kinam Park
Introduction
Application of Hydrogels in Oral Drug
Delivery
Hydrogels for Specific Applications
Hydrogels for the Controlled Release of Proteins
Wim E. Hennink, Cornelus F. van Nostrum, Daan J. A. Crommelin, and Jeroen M. Bezemer
Introduction
Hydrogels: General Features
Dextran Hydrogels as Protein-Releasing Matrices
Amphiphilic Poly(ether Ester) Multiblock Copolymers as Protein-Releasing Matrices
The Stability of Hydrogel-Associated Pharmaceutical Proteins
Concluding Remarks
Thermosensitive Biodegradable Hydrogels for the Delivery of Therapeutic Agents
Young Min Kwon and Sung Wan Kim
Introduction
Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) and Its Copolymers
PEO-PPO-PEO Triblock Copolymers
Thermosensitive and Biodegradable Polymer Hydrogels
Biodegradable Microspheres Based on the Thermosensitive Property of PLGA-PEG-PLGA
Conclusions
Hydrogels: Stimuli-Sensitive Hydrogels
Akihiko Kikuchi and Teruo Okano
Introduction
Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels and Their Applications in Drug Delivery Systems
Conclusions
Treatment of Malignant Brain Tumors with Controlled-Release Local-Delivery Polymers . .
Alex A. Khalessi, Paul P. Wang, Robert S. Langer, and Henry Brem
Introduction
Drug Delivery Considerations in the CNS
Biocompatible Polymer Development: An Historical Perspective
Clinical Applications of Polyanhydride Polymers for Intracranial Drug Delivery
Future Directions
Conclusions
Improving the Stability of PLGA-Encapsulated Proteins
Steven P. Schwendeman and Jichao Kang
Overview and Historical Perspective
Evidence of Protein Instability
What Is the Instability Pathway?
Examples of Stabilizing PLGA-Encapsulated Proteins
Concluding Remarks
Recombinant Polymers for Drug Delivery
Zaki Megeed and Hamidreza Ghandehari
Introduction
Synthesis and Characterization
Drug Delivery Applications
Gene Delivery Applications
Tissue Repair Applications
Biocompatibility and Biodegradation
Conclusions
Polymeric Nanoparticle Delivery of Cancer Vaccines
John Samuel and Glen S. Kwon
Introduction
Cancer Vaccines: Promise and Problems
Critical Issues in Cancer Vaccine Delivery
Cancer Vaccine Delivery: Living vs. Non-Living Systems
PLGA-Based Pharmaceutical Delivery Systems
‘‘Pathogen Mimicking’’ Nanoparticles for Cancer Vaccines
Concluding Remarks
Polymer Assemblies: Intelligent Block Copolymer Micelles for the Programmed Delivery of Drugs and Genes
Younsoo Bae and Kazunori Kataoka
Introduction
Rationale for Delivery System Using Polymer Assemblies
Block Copolymer Micelles for Drug Delivery
Block Copolymer Micelles for the Delivery of Genes and Charged Materials
Programmed Delivery Using Block Copolymer Micelles
Future Prospects of Block Copolymer Micelles
Polymeric Micelles for the Targeting of Hydrophobic Drugs
Masayuki Yokoyama
Polymeric Micelles for Drug Carriers
The History of Polymeric Micelle Drug Carriers
The Molecular Design of Polymeric Micelle Drug Carrier Systems
Examples of Drug Targeting with Polymeric Micelle Carriers
Pluronic
_ Block Copolymers for Drug and Gene DeliveryAlexander V. Kabanov and Jian Zhu
Introduction
Pluronic Structure and Synthesis
Self-Assembly of Pluronic Block Copolymers
Pluronic_ Formulations for Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tumors
Pluronic Effects on Brain and Oral Bioavailability of Drugs
Optimization of Pluronic Composition for PGP Inhibition
Pluronic Block Copolymers for Gene Therapy
Graft Copolymers for Therapeutic Gene Delivery
Anurag Maheshwari, James W. Yockman, and Sung Wan Kim
Non-viral gene Therapy
Nomenclature of Graft Copolymers
Cationic Graft Copolymers
Biodegradable and Targetted Polymeric Gene Carriers
Index
Biography
Glen S. Kwon